Jurnal Ilmiah Kedokteran dan Kesehatan ISSN: 2809-235X (cetak), ISSN: 2809-2090 (online) diterbitkan 3 (tiga) kali dalam satu tahun yaitu Edisi Januari, Mei, dan September. Jurnal ini terakreditasi SINTA 5 (Surat Keputusan Direktur Jenderal Pendidikan Tinggi, Riset, dan Teknologi Nomor 10/C/C3/DT.05.00/2025 tanggal 21 Maret 2025 tentang Peringkat Akreditasi Jurnal Ilmiah Periode I Tahun 2025) dimulai dari Volume 1 Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 sampai Volume 6 Nomor 1 Tahun 2027. Jurnal Ilmiah Kedokteran dan Kesehatan menyajikan hasil penelitian dan tinjauan pustaka sehingga jurnal ini bermanfaat bagi dokter, pengambil kebijakan, tenaga kesehatan, dosen serta mahasiswa yang tertarik dengan publikasi ilmiah terkait Ilmu Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Indexed by : Journal Sponsors and Partners :
Literatur Riview :Efektivitas Penggunaan Alat Pelindung Diri (APD) dalam Menurunkan Risiko Kecelakaan Kerja
Workplace accidents are a major issue in the industrial world, placing significant emphasis on worker safety and health. One preventive measure that has proven effective in reducing workplace accident rates is the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of PPE in reducing the risk of workplace accidents in high-risk work environments. The methodology employed includes a literature review of previous studies and direct observations in the manufacturing and construction industries. The findings indicate that consistent and standardized use of PPE can reduce workplace accident rates by 60–80%, depending on the industry type and the level of employee compliance with established safety standards. In addition, the study highlights that the effectiveness of PPE is strongly influenced by factors such as worker awareness, company safety policies, training programs, and supervisory enforcement. Lack of compliance or improper use of PPE remains a challenge in many workplaces, often caused by discomfort, limited knowledge, or negligence. Therefore, the implementation of continuous safety training, monitoring systems, and strict enforcement of safety regulations is essential to ensure proper PPE usage. Overall, this study emphasizes that while PPE alone cannot eliminate workplace accidents, it plays a critical role as part of an integrated occupational safety strategy. The findings suggest that industries should prioritize investment in PPE quality, worker education, and safety culture development to create safer and healthier work environments.
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Profil Biokimia Darah Akibat Pemberian Ekstrak Akar Burdock (Arctium lappa L.) pada Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus)
Burdock (Arctium lappa L.) is a medicinal plant that contains active compounds such as flavonoids, lignans, and phenolic acids, which act as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory agents, and hepatoprotective substances. This study aimed to evaluate the blood biochemical profile following the administration of burdock root extract in white rats (Rattus norvegicus). The study was conducted experimentally using eight male and female rats, divided into four groups: a negative control group (aquadest) and three treatment groups receiving doses of 150, 300, and 450 mg/kgBB orally for 28 days. Blood biochemical parameters were examined on day 36, including albumin, total protein, globulin, glucose, urea, amylase, cholesterol, ALT, ALP, total bilirubin, creatinine, and creatine kinase. The results showed that most biochemical parameters remained within the normal range, although significant changes were observed in some groups. Urea, amylase, and total bilirubin levels remained stable, while total protein, globulin, and ALP levels tended to be higher in female rats. Elevated glucose, cholesterol, and ALT levels in most treatment groups indicated potential disturbances in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, while increased creatinine levels in some groups suggested possible nephrotoxic effects. Administration of burdock root extract influenced the biochemical blood profile, particularly related to glucose and lipid metabolism as well as liver function. Further studies are needed to explore the underlying mechanisms and evaluate the long-term safety of burdock root extract.
Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan dengan Kepatuhan Konsumsi Tablet Tambah Darah (TTD ) pada Remaja Putri di SMP Negeri 6 Kota Kupang
Anemia is a condition when the hemoglobin (Hb) level in the blood is less than normal. The most common cause of anemia is iron deficiency. Adolescent girls are at risk of anemia due to their rapid growth and lack of iron intake. Anemia in adolescent girls has various adverse effects both in the short and long term. The Indonesian government prevents anemia in adolescent girls with a program to provide blood supplement tablets to fulfill iron intake. This program is implemented through schools by providing free blood supplement tablets, one tablet per week. Of 80.9% of adolescent girls who received blood supplement tablets at school, only 1.4% consumed ≥ 52 tablets per year. One of the factors that influence adherence behavior is knowledge. Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between the level of knowledge and compliance with the consumption of blood supplement tablets in adolescent girls at SMPN 6 Kupang. Method: This research was an analytical observational research with a cross-sectional approach. This study was conducted on adolescent girls from SMPN 6 Kupang using a knowledge questionnaire and the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale-8 (MMAS-8) questionnaire. The sampling technique used stratified random sampling with 106 respondents who fulfilled the criteria of inclusion and exclusion. This study was analyzed by univariate and bivariate using chi-square test. Result: The results of the study were on 106 respondents, 64 respondents (60.4%) had poor knowledge and 42 respondents (39.6%) had good knowledge. Based on adherence to taking blood supplement tablets, 66 respondents (62.3%) had low adherence, 24 respondents (22.6%) had moderate adherence and 16 respondents (15.1%) had high adherence. The results of the chi-square test obtained p = 0.000 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between the level of knowledge and adherence to the consumption of blood supplement tablets among adolescent girls at SMPN 6 Kupang.
Model Prediksi Tindakan Pencegahan Rabies untuk Menegakkan Sistem Kewaspadaan Dini (SKD) pada SMA di Kota Kendari Tahun 2025
Rabies is a deadly disease transmitted through animal bites, especially dogs, and remains a serious threat in Indonesia. As of April 2023, more than 31,000 bite cases have been recorded, with Southeast Sulawesi being the region with the highest number of cases. In Kendari City, data show that bite cases have fluctuated since 2018. Research Objective: To develop a prediction model for rabies prevention measures to support an early warning sistem (EWS) among high school students in Kendari City. Research Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative study involving 350 students from three sub-districts (Baruga, Poasia, and Kadia). Independent variables included knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs, while the dependent variable was rabies prevention measures. Data were collected in February 2025 through a hybrid/online questionnaire. Research Results: Knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs have a significant effect on rabies prevention measures among high school students in Kendari City. Knowledge was the most dominant factor. Students with good knowledge were 8.7 times more likely to practice rabies prevention. If the three variables were at a low level, the probability of rabies prevention actions among students was 14.4%, but it increased significantly to 95.6% when all three variables were at a high level. Research Conclusion: There is a significant influence of knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs on rabies prevention behavior to support the early warning sistem (EWS) among high school students in Kendari City in 2025. The probability of engaging in preventive behavior is 14.4% when all three variables are at a low level, but it increases significantly to 95.6% when all variables are at a high level. Knowledge contributes the most, while attitudes and beliefs synergistically strengthen the overall effect.
Analisis Efektivitas Rekam Medis Elektronik Berdasarkan Mutu Rekam Medis di Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Patria IKKT
This study analyzes the effectiveness of electronic medical records (EMR) based on the quality of medical records in inpatient services at Patria IKKT Hospital. The aim of this study is to evaluate the completeness of data entry, accuracy, timeliness, and compliance in the verification process by the responsible doctor (DPJP). The research method used is retrospective analysis with a cross-sectional approach, conducted in January 2025. The study involves a total sample of inpatient patient medical records recorded in the EMR system. The results indicate that although the EMR has been implemented, several issues related to data completeness and accuracy, as well as the timeliness of verification by DPJP, were identified. Additionally, compliance with verification procedures was found to vary among healthcare providers. This evaluation provides an overview of the effectiveness of EMR usage in supporting service quality at Patria IKKT Hospital, with recommendations to enhance training and standard operating procedures (SOP) related to data entry and verification. Implementing a more consistent EMR usage compliance program could help improve the quality of medical records and inpatient service quality at this hospital.
Penatalaksanaan Fisioterapi pada Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Dextra dengan Ultrasound, Infared dan Terapi Latihan
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a disease of the wrist caused by repetitive movements in an abnormal position continuously and for a long time, so that the median nerve in the wrist becomes pinched or compressed. Risk factors that may influence the event CTS include age, gender, and occupational factors. The problem experienced by the patient is pain in the wrist, tingling in the palms that spreads to the fingers. Therefore the provision of interventions using ultrasound aims to reduce pain, laser aims to reduce pain and inflammation, andexercise therapy aims to increase the range of motion of the joints, increase muscle strength, and restore functional activity.This scientific paper is a case study in nature, raising patient cases and collecting data through a physiotherapy process. The modalities provided are Ultrasound, Infrared, and Nerve Tendon Gliding Exercise. After 4 times physiotherapy, the results showed a decrease in pain, a decrease in paraesthesia/tingling, an increase in the range of motion of the joints, an increase in muscle strength, and an increase in the ability of functional activities with the WHDI index. Physiotherapy management with Ultrasound, Infrared and Exercise Therapy modalities carried out in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Sinistra cases for 4 times of therapy can reduce pain, paraesthesia/tingling, increase joint range of motion, increase muscle strength, and increase functional activity with the WHDI index.
Hubungan Pola Makan dengan Kejadian Obesitas pada Anak di Sekolah Dasar Cikarang Kota Kabupaten Bekasi
Childhood obesity is a global health problem whose prevalence continues to increase, including in Indonesia. An imbalanced diet contributes to the accumulation of body fat. This condition impacts the physical, psychological, and social health of children so it needs to be prevented through healthy eating habits from school age. This study aims to determine the relationship between eating patterns and the incidence of obesity in elementary school children in Cikarang City, Bekasi Regency. This study is quantitative using a cross-sectional design. The sampling technique uses a non-probability sampling method with a purposive sampling approach. Data were obtained by anthropometric measurements, filling out a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) guided by the researcher. Data analysis was carried out to test the hypothesis using the Chi-Square test using SPSS, the study was conducted at Cikarang City Elementary School, Bekasi Regency in June 2025. The results of the study from a total of 43 children as the study sample, there were 30 children (69.8%) who were obese. In addition, 24 children (55.8) were found to have inadequate eating patterns. The results of the statistical analysis of the relationship between eating patterns and obesity (p-value 0.001). There is a significant relationship between eating patterns and the incidence of obesity in elementary school children in Cikarang City, Bekasi Regency.
Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan terhadap Keterampilan Kader dalam Pengukuran Tinggi Badan dan Berat Badan Balita di Posyandu Cikarang Selatan
Inaccuracies in anthropometric measurements of toddlers caused by improper positioning are a significant issue that can hinder early detection of stunting and other nutritional problems. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between cadres' length of service and knowledge level with their skills in performing anthropometric measurements of toddlers in the Cikarang Selatan area. This study was conducted using a quantitative approach. The design used for this study was cross-sectional. 41 cadres who met the inclusion criteria were included in the working area of Cikarang Selatan Subdistrict, specifically in Pasirsari Village, Bekasi Regency. Data analysis was conducted using the chi-square test to examine relationships between variables. The analysis showed that cadre knowledge was also significantly associated with the skill of measuring height (p-value = 0.000; OR = 45.500). However, the relationship between knowledge and the skill of measuring weight did not reach statistical significance (p-value = 0.120; OR = 2.963). The findings of this study indicate that cadre knowledge has a significant effect on the skill of measuring height. Conversely, knowledge was not proven to have a significant relationship with the skill of measuring weight. Cadres with adequate knowledge tend to have better skills in measuring both the height and weight of toddlers.
Analisis Kebutuhan Tenaga Sterilisasi Berdasarkan Beban Kerja dengan Teknik Work Sampling Menggunakan Metode WISN di Unit CSSD di RS Bhayangkara Ruwa Jurai Bandar Lampung Tahun 2025
The Central Sterile Supply Department (CSSD) is a crucial support unit in hospital service quality, particularly in ensuring the availability of sterile medical instruments. An imbalance between workload and personnel capacity may result in delays, increased risk of infection, and reduced efficiency. This study aimed to analyze the staffing needs of the sterilization unit at Bhayangkara Hospital Level III Lampung in 2025 using a managerial and evidence-based approach. This study employed a descriptive quantitative design using the Workload Indicators of Staffing Need (WISN) method. Data were obtained from direct observations, document reviews, and interviews, and analyzed according to workload standards set by the Ministry of Health. The findings showed that the sterilization unit had 5 available staff, while the analysis indicated a requirement of 5-6 staff members. Factors contributing to the shortage included increasing demand for surgical procedures, limited shifts, and insufficient distribution of tasks. This study recommends the addition of at least 1 sterilization staff to achieve optimal service standards, along with periodic training and workload-based scheduling. Strengthening human resources in the CSSD is essential to improve efficiency, ensure patient safety, and support the overall quality of hospital services.
Analisis Waktu Tunggu Pasien Operasi Elektif di Instalasi Bedah Sentral (IBS) dengan Metode Root Cause Analysis (RCA) di RS Bhayangkara Ruwa Jurai Lampung Tahun 2025
The Central Surgical Installation (CSI) plays a strategic role in ensuring the quality of hospital services, particularly in supporting the implementation of elective surgical procedures. Excessive waiting time beyond the established standards poses a serious challenge that may affect patient safety and service efficiency. This study aims to analyze the causes of delayed elective surgery waiting times at Bhayangkara Ruwa Jurai Hospital, Lampung, and to formulate solutions based on managerial and evidence-based approaches. This research employed a descriptive qualitative method using Root Cause Analysis (RCA) and the 5M factors (Man, Material, Machine, Method, Money). Data were collected through observation, interviews, and document reviews, and analyzed. The findings revealed that the average waiting time for elective surgery patients was 50 minutes, with some cases reaching up to 219 minutes. The delays were caused by a combination of factors, including a shortage of surgical and CSSD personnel, limited sterile linen, equipment failures such as operating lights and sterilization machines, non-standardized preoperative procedures, and suboptimal supervision and coordination among units. Furthermore, the work environment and limited number of operating rooms exacerbated the problem. RCA results indicated that comprehensive improvements could potentially reduce waiting times by 25–30%. This study recommends strengthening healthcare service aspects through staff training, procurement of additional equipment, establishment of standardized SOPs, and integration of inter-unit communication systems. Improvements in the work environment and data-driven planning are essential to enhance the quality of surgical services and significantly reduce delays.
Tinjauan Kimia Medisinal dalam Pengembangan Obat Berbasis Flavonoid
Flavonoids are natural polyphenols that are abundantly found in a wide variety of fruits, vegetables, seeds, and medicinal plants, and are known for their wide-ranging antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic effects. This comprehensive review outlines the important role of medicinal chemistry in the development of flavonoid-based therapeutics, with a particular focus on classification, structure activity relationships (SAR), mechanisms of action, and various strategies to improve bioavailability. Literature from PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar indicates that structural features such as hydroxyl group number and position, the C2=C3 double bond, and modifications like methylation, glycosylation, or prenylation strongly influence biological activity and pharmacokinetics. Clinical use is limited by poor solubility, rapid metabolism, and low stability. Chemical modification and advanced delivery systems including liposomes, nanoparticles, nanocrystals, micelles, and natural carriers can enhance solubility and plasma concentration. Combining medicinal chemistry with modern formulation technologies may enable flavonoids to become safe and effective therapeutic agents.
Manajemen Pelayanan Kefarmasian terhadap Pengaruh Penggunaan Antibiotik RSUD Haji Padjonga Daeng Ngalle
Pharmaceutical services are seen as a form of professional service carried out directly by pharmacists with full responsibility to patients and improving the quality of life of patients. The problem of irrational use of antibiotics remains a serious issue both at the national and global levels, because it can cause resistance, therapeutic failure, and increase the burden on public health. The study aims to analyze the relationship between pharmaceutical service management and the level of rationality of antibiotic use at Takalar District Hospital. The research method used is a mixed method, which combines qualitative and quantitative techniques to obtain a more comprehensive picture. The research instruments include structured questionnaires and short interviews as a complement to deepen the data. The sampling technique was carried out using a purposive sampling method, so that 99 respondents were obtained who were inpatients using antibiotics who met the predetermined inclusion criteria. The variables used were Reliability (X1), Perception (X2), Assurance (X3), Tangible (X4) and Rationality of Antibiotic Drugs (Y1) with data analysis using SmartPLS 4.0. The results show that Reliability is a highly influential factor in the rationality of antibiotic use, with a path coefficient of 0.352. While Perception is not significant, with a path coefficient of -0.000. The Assurance variable has a path coefficient of 0.158, followed by the Tangible variable with a path coefficient of 0.112. In conclusion, Reliability, Assurance, and Tangible significantly influence the rationality of antibiotic use at Takalar District Hospital.
Kemanjuran Letrozole Dibandingkan dengan Clomiphene Citrate untuk Induksi Ovulasi pada Wanita dengan PCOS: Tinjauan Sistematis dan Analisis Meta
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common hormonal disorder in women of reproductive age and often causes ovulation disorders and infertility. For decades, clomiphene citrate (CC) was the go-to choice for stimulating ovulation, but letrozole is now considered a more effective alternative with the potential for better reproductive outcomes. This study systematically assessed the comparison of the effectiveness of letrozole and CC based on the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Literature searches through PubMed and Google Scholar include randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) published between 2015–2025 in English, with a population of women diagnosed with PCOS. Data were combined using a fixed-effects model to calculate odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals, as well as assess heterogeneity through Cochran's Q and I² tests. Of the 11 RCTs involving 1,995 participants (1,000 using letrozole and 995 using CC), the rate of ovulation with letrozole ranged from 37.9–88%, while with CC it was 19.7–85.2%. Most studies showed significant improvements in ovulation and clinical pregnancy rates using letrozole (22–61%) compared to CC (13–43%). Overall, letrozole increased the chances of reproductive success (OR = 2.13; 95% CI = 1.73–2.61; p < 0.00001) with low heterogeneity, demonstrating better effectiveness and safety than CC.
Model Kolaborasi Bidan dan Terapis Akupunktur dalam Penerapan Manajemen Komplementer Masa Nifas
Background: The postpartum period is a critical stage for maternal recovery, characterized by physical and emotional adjustments. Conventional midwifery care often lacks complementary interventions that can enhance maternal well-being. Collaboration between midwives and acupuncture therapists is expected to create a more holistic, evidence-based complementary care model for postpartum mothers. Methods: This study employed a mixed-methods sequential exploratory design. The qualitative phase involved in-depth interviews with 12 midwives, 6 acupuncture therapists, and 10 postpartum mothers to identify needs, barriers, and perceptions toward collaborative care. The quantitative phase involved 30 postpartum mothers who received a 14-day collaborative intervention combining midwifery care and acupressure therapy. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests with a significance level of p<0.05. Results: Significant improvements were observed after implementing the collaborative model: pain scores decreased from 5.8 ± 1.2 to 3.1 ± 0.9 (p=0.001), anxiety scores reduced from 16.5 ± 4.3 to 10.2 ± 3.1 (p=0.001), and breast milk production increased from 410 ± 80 ml to 560 ± 90 ml (p=0.002). Sleep quality improved from 8.2 ± 2.1 to 5.0 ± 1.6 (p=0.003), and maternal satisfaction rose from 3.6 ± 0.7 to 4.7 ± 0.4 (p=0.001). Discussion: The collaborative midwife–acupuncturist model effectively accelerated postpartum recovery through acupressure stimulation and holistic emotional support. This aligns with the World Health Organization’s (2021) Framework for Interprofessional Collaborative Practice, emphasizing integrated, patient-centered care. Conclusion: The collaborative model between midwives and acupuncture therapists effectively enhances the physical and psychological well-being of postpartum mothers. It is feasible for implementation in midwifery services as an evidence-based complementary care approach.
Infeksi Nosokomial di Unit Perawatan Intensif : Pencegahan dan Pengendalian
Nosocomial infections in the intensive care unit (ICU) are a significant health problem with high susceptibility rates among critically ill patients. These infections are caused by pathogenic microorganisms that spread through medical equipment, direct contact with healthcare workers, or poorly maintained environments. Key risk factors include the use of invasive devices such as catheters and ventilators, immunocompromised conditions, and inappropriate antibiotic use that can lead to antibiotic resistance. The most common types of nosocomial infections in the ICU are ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI), catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI), surgical site infections (SSI), and multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) infections. Data shows approximately 30% of nosocomial infections occur in ICUs, with 51% of ICU patients experiencing infections and 64% of infection sources originating from the respiratory tract. Prevention and control of infections requires a comprehensive approach through implementation of prevention bundles, strict hygiene management, use of sterile medical equipment, and rational antibiotic use. Consistent infection prevention and control (IPC) programs can reduce nosocomial infection incidence, decrease morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs in ICUs. Teguh Setiadi, Akhmad Yun Jufan, Erlangga Prasamya. Nosocomial infections in intensive care units: prevention and control.
Literature Review: Identifikasi Bakteri Salmonella sp pada Telur yang Dijual di Pasar Tradisional
Eggs are animal products that serve as one of the main sources of animal protein containing essential nutrients beneficial for human health. They are widely consumed due to their affordability, high nutritional value, and ease of processing. However, eggs are also one of the most common media for the contamination and transmission of Salmonella sp., a bacterium that causes Salmonellosis, which can infect poultry, mammals, and humans. This study aims to determine the contamination level of Salmonella sp. bacteria in eggs sold in traditional markets. The research method used is a literature review with a qualitative descriptive approach by collecting, synthesizing, and analyzing data related to the Salmonella Shigella Agar (SSA) test. The study results show that Salmonella sp. contamination was highest in quail egg samples at 43.75%, followed by native chicken eggs (33.4%) and broiler eggs (33.33%). These findings indicate that eggs sold in traditional markets are susceptible to Salmonella contamination, which poses a potential risk to food safety and public health. Therefore, it is essential to strengthen handling, sanitation, and storage practices during production and distribution to reduce microbial contamination and ensure consumer safety.
Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Dismenore pada Remaja Putri di MTs Rabiatul Adawiyah Baturaja Kabupaten Oku Tahun 2025
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a global development agenda for the period 2016 to 2030, continuing from the MDGs. The fifth goal of theSDGs is to empower all women and girls, particularly in improving women's reproductive health (Selia Desma Sari et al., 2024). According to the World Health Organization, it is estimated that the number of women experiencing severe dysmenorrhea globally is 1,769,425 individuals (90%), with 10–15% experiencing mild dysmenorrhea. This study aims to determine the relationship between the level of knowledge, stress levels, and fast food consumption with the incidence of dysmenorrhea among adolescent girls at MTs Rabiatul Adawiyah Baturaja in 2025. Theresearch was conducted in August at MTs Rabiatul Adawiyah Baturaja. This is a cross-sectional study with a population of 70 respondents and a sample of 41 respondents selected using stratified random sampling. The type of data used is primary data collected through interviews, and the instrument used was a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using the chi-square statistical test with a p-value ≤ α (0.05). The results showed that 26 respondents (63.4%) with poor knowledge levels experienced dysmenorrhea (p-value = 0.002). Among 31 respondents experiencing stress, 30 (73.2%) had dysmenorrhea (p-value = 0.001). Meanwhile, of the 29 respondents who frequently consumed fast food, 28 (68.3%) experienced dysmenorrhea (p-value = 0.000).It can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between the level of knowledge, stress level, and fast food consumption with the incidence of dysmenorrhea among adolescent girls at MTs Rabiatul Adawiyah Baturaja in 2025.
Apa Penyebab Utama Insomnia pada Mahasiswa Kedokteran Tahun 2017-2024: Literature Review
Insomnia is one of the most prevalent sleep disorders among medical students, characterized by difficulties in initiating or maintaining sleep that affect concentration and academic performance. This literature review aims to identify the main factors contributing to insomnia among medical students from 2017 to 2024. Articles were obtained from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Garuda databases using the keywords “insomnia,” “medical students,” and “sleep quality.” A total of seven studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results indicate that insomnia in medical students is a multifactorial problem influenced by academic stress, excessive internet use, poor sleep habits, and psychological conditions such as anxiety and depression. Academic stress and irregular study schedules were found to increase sympathetic nervous system activation, reducing melatonin production and impairing sleep quality. Furthermore, excessive screen exposure and internet addiction contributed to delayed sleep onset. These findings highlight the need for early interventions, including stress management programs and good sleep hygiene education, to improve the well-being and academic performance of medical students.
Pengaruh Posisi Duduk Selama 3 Menit Setelah Induksi Spinal Anestesi terhadap Kejadian Hipotensi dan Bradikardi di RS PKU Muhammadiyah Gombong
Hypotension and bradycardia are common complications following spinal anesthesia due to extensive sympathetic blockade, which can lead to hemodynamic instability and decreased perfusion of vital organs. A simple non-pharmacological preventive measure is maintaining a sitting position immediately after induction to limit the upward spread of hyperbaric anesthetic agents toward the thoracic region. This study aimed to determine the effect of maintaining a sitting position for three minutes after spinal anesthesia induction on the incidence of hypotension and bradycardia at PKU Muhammadiyah Gombong Hospital. The research employed a quasi-experimental design with a pre–post test with control group approach involving 69 respondents selected through consecutive sampling. The intervention group (n = 34) maintained a sitting position for three minutes, while the control group (n = 35) was immediately placed in a supine position. Blood pressure and heart rate were observed at 5, 10, and 15 minutes after induction, and the data were analyzed using Chi-Square and binary logistic regression tests. The results showed that the incidence of hypotension and bradycardia was significantly lower in the intervention group (p < 0.05), indicating that the sitting position acted as a protective factor. In conclusion, maintaining a sitting position for three minutes after spinal anesthesia induction effectively reduces the incidence of hypotension and bradycardia and is recommended as a simple strategy to enhance patient hemodynamic stability.
Literature Review: Potensi Monascus Purpureus sebagai Agen Antikolesterol Alami
Monascus purpureus, also known as red yeast rice, is a red mold widely used in traditional Asian food fermentation, particularly in Indonesia and China. One of its main bioactive compounds is monacolin K, a substance structurally identical to lovastatin, a well-known cholesterol-lowering statin drug. Monacolin K works by inhibiting the HMG-CoA reductase enzyme, a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of cholesterol in the liver. Various modern studies have demonstrated that Monascus purpureus consumption can significantly reduce total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglyceride levels, while increasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, with relatively minimal side effects compared to synthetic statins. In addition, the natural pigments produced by Monascus purpureus, such as monascin and ankaflavin, exhibit strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities that help protect vascular endothelial cells from oxidative stress and inflammation—two major factors contributing to atherosclerosis. The combination of M. purpureus extracts with probiotics or other natural ingredients, such as garlic or fermented soy products, has also been shown to produce synergistic effects in improving lipid metabolism and promoting cardiovascular health. With its potent bioactive components and high safety profile, Monascus purpureus holds great potential to be developed as a natural anticholesterol agent for the prevention and management of dyslipidemia in a sustainable and effective manner.
Penatalaksanaan Fisioterapi pada Post ORIF Fraktur Radius 1/3 Proximal Sinistra dengan Infra Red dan Terapi Latihan
A fracture is a condition in which there is a partial or complete loss of bone or cartilage continuity caused by direct or indirect trauma. In the case of a fracture of the proximal one-third of the left radius, the injury generally occurs due to a strong impact or direct trauma to the left arm, often resulting from a traffic accident or a fall. Patients with this condition typically experience several problems, including pain at the fracture site, decreased muscle strength, limited range of motion (ROM), and functional activity disturbances such as difficulty in gripping, lifting, or writing. Physiotherapy management plays a crucial role in restoring upper limb function. The methods used include Infrared (IR) therapy and Exercise Therapy (ET). Infrared therapy helps improve blood circulation, reduce muscle spasms, and alleviate pain through the application of heat. Meanwhile, Exercise Therapy consists of Free Active Exercise, Passive Exercise, and Resisted Active Exercise, which aim to increase muscle strength, improve joint mobility, and gradually restore the patient’s functional abilities. The results of the physiotherapy intervention showed a significant reduction in pain, increased muscle strength, improved ROM, and enhanced functional activity of the left upper extremity, allowing the patient to return to daily activities more optimally and independently.
Penatalaksanaan Fisioterapi Post ORIF Fraktur Humerus 1/3 Distal Sinistra dengan Modalitas Infrared dan Terapi Latihan
A fracture is a break in bone continuity due to sudden and excessive force, either directly or indirectly. Humeral fractures can be categorized into proximal, shaft, and distal types. ORIF with screws is a surgical procedure involving the implantation of internal fixation in the fractured bone, which aims to maintain the alignment of bone fragments during the healing process. The use of screws in ORIF procedures can cause complications such as pain, muscle spasms, movement restrictions, and decreased muscle strength. Physiotherapy management that can be used in such cases includes infrared intervention and exercise therapy. This scientific paper is structured as a case study. It highlights a patient case and collects data through the physiotherapy process. The modalities used include infrared therapy and exercise therapy. After four intervention sessions involving infrared therapy and post-ORIF exercises for a distal third humeral fracture on the left side, the results included reduced pain, increased joint range of motion, increased muscle strength, and improved functional ability. Physiotherapy management with infrared modalities and exercise therapy consisting of forced active, free active, and resisted active exercises, was carried out over four sessions.
Peran Malassezia spp. pada Dermatitis Seboroik: Literature Review
Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a chronic, recurrent inflammatory skin disorder that commonly affects sebaceous-rich areas such as the scalp and central face. Although multifactorial, Malassezia spp., particularly M. globosa and M. restricta, play a central etiologic role. These lipophilic yeasts, part of the normal skin microbiota, can become opportunistic pathogens under conditions of dysbiosis, excessive sebum production, or barrier dysfunction. Metabolic products such as oleic acid disrupt epidermal integrity and induce keratinocyte hyperproliferation, while activation of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) triggers IL-23/IL-17–mediated immune responses. This review aims to elucidate the pathogenic role of Malassezia spp. in SD and its clinical implications. Understanding this host–microbe interaction allows for targeted therapy emphasizing antifungal and anti-inflammatory strategies. By elucidating these mechanisms, new therapeutic approaches, such as antifungal agents and anti-inflammatory treatments, can be designed to better manage SD and improve patient outcomes. Understanding the role of Malassezia in SD highlights the importance of a balanced skin microbiome in maintaining skin health and preventing chronic inflammatory skin disorders.
Vinolia Sandhyano Alkautsar Putri Walyatalattof
Hubungan Pengetahuan dan Sikap Orang Tua terhadap Tindakan Pencegahan Pneumonia pada Balita di Wilayah Kerja RSUD Meuraxa
Pneumonia is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children, especially in developing countries. Parental knowledge and attitudes play an important role in the prevention of this disease. This study aims to determine the relationship between parental knowledge and attitudes with preventive actions against pneumonia in children under five in the working area of RSUD Meuraxa, Banda Aceh City. A quantitative study with a cross-sectional design was conducted on 59 respondents selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected using a valid and reliable structured questionnaire, and then analyzed univariately and bivariately using the Chi-Square test with a 95% confidence level. Odds Ratio (OR) was used to assess the strength of the relationship. The results showed that the majority of respondents had low knowledge (81.4%) and negative attitudes (79.7%), but most performed good preventive actions (72.9%). There was a significant relationship between knowledge and preventive actions (p = 0.01; OR = 0.031; 95% CI: 0.004–0.244) as well as between attitudes and preventive actions (p = 0.02; OR = 0.073; 95% CI: 0.014–0.389). In conclusion, good knowledge and attitudes were proven to act as protective factors against inadequate preventive actions for pneumonia. Health education interventions need to be strengthened to increase awareness and pneumonia prevention practices in children under five.
Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Hipertensi pada Ibu Hamil di Puskesmas Buay Pemaca Kabupaten Oku Selatan Tahun 2024
The maternal mortality rate in South Sumatra Province was 128 cases in 2020 and increased to 131 cases in 2021, with a maternal mortality ratio (MMR) of 66 per 100,000 live births. The main causes of maternal death were other diseases (52 cases), hypertension (22 cases), circulatory disorders (18 cases), infections (4 cases), and metabolic disorders (1 case) (South Sumatra Provincial Health Office, 2022). Hypertension during pregnancy is influenced by factors such as age, parity, and stress. This study aims to explore the simultaneous relationship between parity, obesity, and a history of hypertension with the incidence of hypertension in pregnant women at Buay Pemaca Public Health Center, Ogan Komering Ulu (OKU) Selatan Regency in 2024. A quantitative approach using an analytical survey method and a correlational design was employed, with data collected from 415 pregnant women visiting the health center in 2024. Chi-square test results showed significant relationships (p-values of 0.000 for parity, 0.002 for obesity, and 0.000 for hypertension history). The study concludes that parity, obesity, and a history of hypertension significantly affect the incidence of hypertension in pregnant women. Pregnant women with high parity or a history of hypertension are advised to seek prompt consultation with healthcare professionals for proper monitoring and management.
orrheic dermatitis (DS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that is commonly found in areas of the body rich in sebaceous glands, such as the scalp, central face, and upper chest. The disease is characterized by lesions that can be reddish plaques with oily scales, as well as itchy complaints. The etiology of DS is multifactorial, where in addition to genetic factors, environmental factors, and immunology also play an important role. One of the main factors in the pathogenesis of DS is infection by Malassezia spp., specifically M. globosa and M. restricta, which play a role in triggering an inflammatory response. This fungus, which is a normal flora on human skin, can transform into opportunistic pathogens under certain conditions, such as microbiota dysbiosis, increased sebum production, or disorders in the skin barrier. Malassezia's metabolic activities, such as oleic acid production, can impair the integrity of the epidermis and lead to the hyperproliferation of keratinocytes. In addition, activation of pattern-recognition receptors in immune cells triggers the inflammatory pathway IL-23/IL-17, which worsens inflammatory conditions in the skin. A deep understanding of the role of Malassezia spp. in the pathogenesis of DS is essential for determining accurate diagnosis and the development of more effective management, including the use of targeted antifungal therapies.
Hubungan Mutu Pelayanan Keperawatan dengan Kepuasan Pasien di Ruang Rawat Inap Rumas Sakit Umum Daerah Embung Fatimah Kota Batam Tahun 2024
Patient satisfaction is a subjective assessment of the quality of service received. Based on data from the Indonesian Ministry of Health in 2024, the level of public satisfaction with health services only reached 53.06%, while the Riau Islands Province Ombudsman report recorded 46% of public complaints related to government hospitals. One of the factors that influences patient satisfaction is the quality of nursing services. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the quality of nursing services and patient satisfaction in the inpatient ward of Embung Fatimah Hospital, Batam City in 2024. The research design used a cross-sectional approach with a sample size of 99 respondents selected through purposive sampling techniques. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using the Spearman's rho statistical test. The results showed a significant relationship between the quality of nursing services and patient satisfaction with a p-value = 0.001 (<0.05). Conclusion: The majority of patient satisfaction was 40 (40.4%). The quality of nursing services is mostly good, namely 39 (39.4%). There is a significant relationship between the quality of nursing services and patient satisfaction. The results of this study are expected to be input for hospital management, nurses, and policy makers to improve the quality of nursing services in order to increase patient satisfaction. In addition, these results can help increase public trust in health facilities.
Efektivitas Pemberian Makanan Tambahan (PMT) Lokal terhadap Balita Gizi Kurang di Kecamatan Nibong
Malnutrition in toddlers affects their physical growth and development, leading to long-term consequences on their welfare, education, and community income. It influences economic stability, intelligence, quality of life, and the future of children. Malnourished toddlers not only have smaller bodies but also face learning difficulties, which may eventually become a societal burden. This study applied a quantitative approach using a quasi-experimental method, with pretest and posttest measurements, conducted over two months at the Nibong Community Health Center in North Aceh Regency. The study involved 75 toddlers from 20 villages, selected using total sampling. Results revealed that 69 toddlers (92%) who consumed local supplementary food (PMT) experienced weight gain, while 6 (8%) who did not, did not show any weight improvement. A statistical analysis produced a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant relationship between the consumption of local PMT and weight gain. The findings suggest that local supplementary food significantly improves the weight of malnourished toddlers, with 92% showing weight gain. Future studies should further analyze child characteristics and PMT menus to enhance the effectiveness of these programs.
Hubungan Ketersediaan Air Bersih dan Jamban Sehat dengan Kejadian Diare di Desa Bumban Kecamatan Nibong Kabupaten Aceh Utara
Diarrhea is the second leading cause of death among children under five, responsible for approximately 525, 000 deaths in 2023, as reported by WHO. This study used a quantitative approach with a case-control design to analyze the relationship between clean water access, latrine ownership, and diarrhea incidence in Bumban Village, North Aceh Regency. The population consisted of 54 family cards, with limited access to clean water and healthy latrines. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate approaches, with the Chi-Square test determining relationships. The results revealed that 61.2% of clean water sources met health standards, while 38.8% did not. Additionally, 75.9% of respondents had latrines, while 24.1% did not. A p-value of 0.059 indicated a relationship between clean water availability and diarrhea incidence, while a p-value of 0.000 showed a significant relationship between latrine ownership and diarrhea. Among respondents with clean water meeting health standards, 36.4% experienced diarrhea, compared to 63.6% with non-compliant water. Similarly, 27.3% of those with latrines experienced diarrhea, while 72.7% without latrines did. These findings emphasize the significant role of clean water and latrines in preventing diarrhea.
The Effect of Colchicine on St. Thomas II Cardioplegia on Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: A Histomorphological Study in Rabbits
The maternal mortality rate in South Sumatra Province was recorded at 128 cases in 2020 and increased Cardioplegia is an important method for protecting the heart from ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, myocardial damage from reperfusion can't be completely prevented by standard cardioplegia solutions alone. The St. Thomas II cardioplegia solution, with a lower potassium concentration, has been shown to have a cardioprotective effect, while colchicine, as an anti-inflammatory agent, works by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation and neutrophil modulation. This experimental study used a randomized controlled trial (RCT) post-test-only design on 12 New Zealand white rabbits, which were randomly divided into two groups: a control group (St. Thomas II) and a treatment group (St. Thomas II + colchicine). The primary outcome was the degree of myocardial histomorphological damage at 200× magnification. The results showed that five out of six samples from the control group had severe damage (score 3), while five out of six samples from the treatment group had no damage (score 0). A Mann-Whitney test yielded a p-value of 0.0152, indicating a significant difference. The addition of colchicine to St. Thomas II was shown to significantly reduce myocardial histomorphological damage. These findings suggest that colchicine could be considered as a cardioplegia adjuvant to enhance myocardial protection during cardiac surgery.
Hubungan Faktor Genetik (Riwayat Keluarga) dengan Kejadian Hipertensi pada Lansia di Posyandu Lansia Kelurahan Sekanak Raya Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Belakang Padang Tahun 2024
The concept of genetics has evolved from a science that merely explains the inheritance of traits to a broader discipline that studies the structure, function, and role of genetic material in determining individual biological characteristics. One of the important manifestations of genetic influence is its relationship with the occurrence of hypertension, particularly among the elderly. This study aims to determine the relationship between genetic factors (family history) and the incidence of hypertension among elderly people at the Elderly Posyandu in Sekanak Raya Village, working area of Belakang Padang Public Health Center in 2024. This research employed an observational analytic method with a cross-sectional design. The study sample consisted of 72 respondents selected using a probability sampling technique. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using the Chi-Square test. The results showed a p-value of 0.000 (<0.05), indicating a significant relationship between genetic factors (family history) and the incidence of hypertension among the elderly. These findings emphasize that genetic predisposition plays an important role in increasing the risk of hypertension; therefore, preventive and management efforts for hypertension among the elderly should consider hereditary aspects as part of community health intervention strategies.
Hubungan Jenis Kelamin dan Gangguan Kognitif dengan Kejadian Depresi pada Lansia di Kelurahan Sambau Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Sambau Kota Batam Tahun 2024
According to the WHO (2023), depression affects 3.8% of the global population, including 5.7% of adults over 60. In 2023, the SKI Report ranked depression in Riau Islands Province 13th (4,778 cases), and Batam City Health Office reported that mental emotional disorders were ranked 10th (0.06%). Depression is influenced by several factors, including gender and cognitive function. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between gender, cognitive impairment, and depression among the elderly in the Sambau working area of the Batam City Health Center. A cross-sectional research design was employed with 51 elderly participants selected through cluster sampling. Spearman's correlation statistical test was used to analyze the data. The results showed that gender had no significant relationship with depression (p-value = 0.338 > 0.05). However, cognitive impairment was significantly related to depression (p-value = 0.000 < 0.01). The study suggests that elderly individuals should actively participate in Posbindu activities for early detection of cognitive decline and depression, which can help prevent stress and memory loss.
Hubungan Beban Kerja dengan Burnout pada Perawat di Rumah Sakit Embung Fatimah Kota Batam Tahun 2024
Burnout is a condition of physical, emotional and mental exhaustion that occurs due to prolonged work pressure that is not well managed. Burnout is often experienced by individuals who work in environments with high demands, such as the health care sector. This study aims to identify the workload, burnout level, and the relationship between the two for nurses at the Embung Fatimah Regional General Hospital in 2024. Workload is measured by looking at the medium workload category, with 46.2% of nurses experiencing this workload. Burnout is measured using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) which consists of three dimensions: Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalization, and Personal Accomplishment. The results showed that 76.9% of nurses experienced high Emotional Exhaustion, while 84.6% experienced Depersonalization with a low score. A total of 44.6% of nurses showed a high score on the Personal Accomplishment dimension. Statistical analysis shows that there is a significant relationship between workload and burnout in nurses. Emotional Exhaustion is related to moderate workload (p-value 0.023), but this relationship is not significant. Depersonalization is significantly related to a low burnout score (p-value 0.000), while Personal Accomplishment is related to a high burnout score, but this relationship is also not significant (p-value 0.041). This research suggests the need for attention to workload management and emotional support to reduce the risk of burnout, especially in the depersonalization dimension.
Edukasi dan Pelatihan Terkini Senam Pencegah Stroke serta Perawatan Sendi bagi Lansia
Older adults represent a vulnerable population who experience gradual functional decline as part of the aging process, increasing their susceptibility to non-communicable diseases such as stroke and joint problems. Insufficient physical activity and limited understanding of suitable exercises for seniors often lead to decreased fitness levels and diminished quality of life. This community service initiative was designed to enhance elderly well-being through education and training on stroke-preventive exercises and joint care, conducted at the Posyandu Lansia in Plosorejo Village, Matesih District, Karanganyar Regency. The program involved free health screenings, educational sessions using leaflets and video presentations, and guided demonstrations of elderly exercise routines. Evaluation was performed through observation and group discussions to measure participants’ comprehension. Findings revealed strong engagement among participants and a notable increase in awareness regarding the importance of regular exercise for stroke prevention and joint health. Overall, the program successfully promoted better health awareness and improved quality of life for the elderly community.
Hubungan Status Gizi dengan Tumbuh Kembang pada Anak Usia 2-5 Tahun di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Limapuluh Kota Pekanbaru
Background The growth and development phase of children aged 2–5 years is crucial as it determines their future physical, mental, and behavioral outcomes. Wasting, stunting, and underweight remain major nutritional problems among young children, significantly affecting their development. In Pekanbaru City, particularly at Limapuluh Public Health Center, the prevalence of stunting is 5.16%, wasting 11.94%, and underweight 17.1%. These conditions highlight the importance of studying the relationship between nutritional status and child development in this critical age group.Objective To determine the relationship between nutritional status and development in children aged 2–5 years at Limapuluh Public Health Center, Pekanbaru.Methods This study employed an analytical observational design with a cross-sectional approach. The research was conducted at Limapuluh Public Health Center, Pekanbaru. Samples were obtained using accidental sampling, with primary data collected according to inclusion criteria. Data were analyzed using Spearman’s rank correlation test.Result : Among 88 children aged 2–5 years, most had normal nutritional status (75.0%) and normal development (87.5%). Spearman’s test revealed a strong positive correlation between nutritional status and child development (r = 0.682; p < 0.001).Conclusion There is a strong and significant positive relationship between nutritional status and development in children aged 2–5 years; the better the nutritional status, the more optimal the child’s development.
Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan Ibu Tentang Anemia dengan Kepatuhan Konsumsi Tablet Fe Tambah Darah pada Ibu Hamil di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kota Selatan
Red blood cell deficiency during pregnancy reflects a natural biological process that occurs as the body supports fertilization and embryo development. Pregnant women often experience low hemoglobin levels, typically around 11% in the first and third trimesters, or about 10.5 grams in the second trimester. Iron deficiency anemia arises mainly from inadequate iron intake and poor compliance with iron supplement consumption. The level of adherence among pregnant women is strongly influenced by their understanding of anemia and awareness of possible side effects of supplementation. This study aims to analyze the relationship between pregnant women’s knowledge about anemia and their compliance in consuming iron supplements to prevent anemia, focusing on the South City Community Health Center area. The research used a quantitative analytical survey with a cross-sectional design, involving 83 postpartum women selected through purposive sampling. Data were gathered using questionnaires, and the relationship between knowledge and compliance was tested using frequency distribution and chi-square analysis. The results revealed a significant correlation (p-value = 0.000), indicating that higher maternal understanding of anemia is associated with better adherence to iron supplement consumption among pregnant women in the study area.
Hubungan Preferensi Pembayaran dan Impulsive Buying pada Dewasa Awal Pengguna E-commerce di Bukittinggi
This study aims to determine the relationship between payment preferences and impulsive buying behavior among young adult e-commerce users in Bukittinggi. Digital payment methods are suspected to influence impulsive buying tendencies by reducing financial awareness. This study used a quantitative approach involving 93 young adult respondents (18-40 years old) who actively shop online. sampling technique used in this study was incidental sampling, data were collected through questionnaires measuring aspects of payment preferences (such as positive emotion cash, positive emotion card, social gratification, and money management) and impulsive buying (cognitive and affective aspects). Validity and reliability tests confirmed that the research instrument met the established criteria. Data analysis using the Pearson Product Moment correlation test showed a very low and non- significant positive relationship between payment preferences and impulsive buying (r = -0.047, p = 0.656). Although statistically insignificant, the variable description indicates that respondents tended to have a high level of impulsive buying, with payment preferences dominated by social considerations (social gratification). These findings imply the importance of enhancing digital financial literacy and expenditure management for consumers, as well as considering local socio-cultural factors in understanding consumer behavior.
Pendekatan dan Pengelolaan Delirium pada Pasien ICU
Delirium is an acute neuropsychiatric syndrome characterized by fluctuating disturbances in attention, consciousness, and cognition, frequently observed in critically ill patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). This review aims to summarize current evidence on early detection methods, nonpharmacological interventions, and multicomponent prevention strategies for ICU delirium. The methodology involved a narrative literature review of studies published between 2012 and 2024, focusing on validated screening tools such as the Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU (CAM-ICU) and the Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist (ICDSC), their diagnostic performance, and implementation protocols. Findings indicate that daily screening with CAM-ICU (sensitivity ~80%, specificity ~96%) and ICDSC (sensitivity ~74%, specificity ~82%) facilitates timely identification. Nonpharmacological measures, including the ABCDEF bundle—encompassing pain management, spontaneous awakening and breathing trials, choice of sedation, delirium monitoring, early mobilization, and family engagement—have demonstrated efficacy in reducing delirium incidence and duration. Multicomponent prevention protocols such as the Hospital Elder Life Program (HELP) further decrease delirium risk through cognitive orientation, sleep promotion, and sensory support. Implications for practice include adopting standardized screening, embedding bundles into ICU workflows, and prioritizing environmental design modifications. Future research should explore optimized pharmacological adjuncts and cost-effectiveness analyses of bundle implementation.
Peran Multivitamin terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Kesehatan Rambut: Literature Review
Hair health is influenced by genetic, hormonal, environmental, and nutritional factors. Hair follicles have high metabolic activity that depends on adequate macro- and micronutrient supply. In recent years, multivitamin use has increased as a strategy to maintain hair health; however, its effectiveness and the risk of over-supplementation remain debated. This paper is a literature review of scientific articles, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), systematic reviews, and meta-analyses published within the last five years. Literature searches were conducted through PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar using the keywords hair growth, multivitamin, nutrition, alopecia, supplementation. Macronutrients such as proteins (cysteine, methionine) and essential fatty acids play crucial roles in keratinization and follicular integrity. Micronutrients such as B-complex vitamins, vitamins D, A, C, and E, and minerals like zinc, iron, and selenium act as metabolic cofactors and antioxidants. Clinical evidence shows that multivitamin supplementation improves hair density and quality in individuals with suboptimal nutritional status, although excessive intake of vitamin A and selenium may trigger alopecia. Multivitamins are a promising adjunct therapy to support hair growth and health, especially in individuals with nutritional deficiencies. Their use should be rational, well-measured, and evidence-based to ensure optimal benefits while minimizing the risk of toxicity.
Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Penggunaan Narkoba pada Remaja di Pemukiman Kumuh Desa Perbarakan Pagar Merbau Tahun 2024
Drug abuse among adolescents living in slum areas has become a serious problem requiring special attention. This study aims to analyze the factors influencing drug use among adolescents in slum areas in Perbarakan Village, Pagar Merbau. Using a cross-sectional design, this study involved 16 adolescent drug users selected through total sampling technique. Data were collected using closed questionnaires and analyzed using chi-square test. The results showed significant relationships between slum conditions (p=0.032), education level (p=0.006), economic status (p=0.032), and peer influence (p=0.006) with drug abuse. The majority of respondents (75%) lived in severe slum conditions, 87.5% had secondary education or lower, 75% came from low economic class, and 81.3% associated with drug users. This study concludes that drug abuse prevention and treatment interventions need to comprehensively consider environmental, social, economic, and educational factors.
Manajemen ICU pada Pasien dengan HIV-AIDS
Patients with immune system disorders, whether congenital or acquired, represent a high-risk group for severe infections, particularly when admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Immune disorders can occur as primary immunodeficiencies, such as IgA Deficiency and DiGeorge Syndrome, or as secondary immunodeficiencies caused by chronic infections like HIV/AIDS or the use of immunosuppressive therapy in post-transplant patients and those with autoimmune diseases. These conditions reduce the body’s ability to fight pathogens, thereby increasing susceptibility to life-threatening opportunistic infections. Specifically, patients with HIV/AIDS face a high risk of severe infectious complications due to a decrease in CD4 cell count below 250 cells/mm³, which significantly worsens the clinical prognosis. The HIV/AIDS epidemic has become a major global health problem with substantial impacts on morbidity, mortality, and economic burden, particularly as it affects the productive age group. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of immune dysfunction and developing effective infection prevention strategies in immunodeficient patients are essential to improving ICU care outcomes and reducing mortality rates.
Anemia Pada Karsinoma Kolorektal: Hubungan Dengan Lokasi Tumor di Rumah Sakit Umum di Aceh
Background: Cancer of the large intestine (colon) and/or rectum is medically referred as colorectal carcinoma. Colorectal cancer patients' clinical symptoms can vary depending on where the tumor is located. A low red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin (Hb), or hematocrit (HCT) indicates anemia. The purpose of this research is to examine whether or not individuals with colorectal cancer have a higher risk of anemia depending on where their tumors are located. Method: Cross-sectional observational analysis was used as the research method. Colorectal cancer patients diagnosed at Cut Meutia General Hospital in 2020-2021 served as research subjects. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were met by 40 people. The chi-square test is used to validate information in a patient's medical record about Hb levels obtained from standard blood laboratory testing in colorectal cancer patients. Results: The majority of patients in this study were male (62.5%), between the ages of 40 and 50 (mean 45.5), with the main complaint being bloody stools in 14 patients (40%), tumor location left colon in 35 patients (87.5%), and mild anemia in 19 (47.5%). Three patients (60%) had severe anemia in the right colon, while 18 patients (94.7%) had moderate anemia in the left colon. Colorectal cancer patients have an increased risk of anemia based on tumor location (=0.003). Conclution: Patients with colorectal cancer treated at Cut Meutia General Hospital, North Aceh, in 2020–2021 were shown to have a strong correlation between tumor site and anemia severity.
Gambaran Penerapan Rekam Medis Elektronik di Klinik Pratama Polres Pelabuhan Tanjung Priok Tahun 2024
The rapid advancement of digital health technologies has necessitated the integration of Electronic Medical Records (EMR) into clinical services to improve efficiency, accuracy, and quality of care. The Primary Clinic of Polres Pelabuhan Tanjung Priok began implementing its EMR sistem (eClinic) on January 1, 2024, in alignment with the Ministry of Health Regulation No. 24 of 2022 regarding digital medical records. A qualitative descriptive approach was applied through a 22-day field internship involving direct observation, interviews with health personnel, and data analysis related to EMR usage. The study observed patient registration, SOAP documentation by doctors, pharmacy services, and monthly drug inventory reporting. The EMR sistem significantly improved patient service efficiency by reducing average waiting times from approximately 60 minutes to 10–15 minutes. The clinic's infrastructure and trained health personnel supported a smooth transition from manual to digital sistems. Additionally, the EMR sistem is integrated with national health platforms such as SATUSEHAT, PCare BPJS, and i-Care JKN, enabling seamless data synchronization and continuity of care. The successful implementation of EMR at the Primary Clinic of Polres Pelabuhan Tanjung Priok demonstrates the importance of digital transformation in enhancing healthcare services. With improved data accessibility, reduced waiting times, and increased patient satisfaction, EMR has become an essential tool in supporting effective clinical workflows and public health service delivery.
Analisis Kualitas Citra Radiografi CR dengan SNR dan CNR Menggunakan Pengolahan Citra Phyton
Radiography is a medical imaging technique that utilizes X-ray radiation to obtain images of organs in the body, including the abdomen. Image quality is very important in supporting the accuracy of diagnosis and can be measured objectively through the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) and Contrast-to-Noise Ratio (CNR) parameters. As digital technology advances, Python-based image processing offers significant potential in improving the visual and diagnostic quality of radiographic images. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of digital image processing techniques in improving the quality of computed radiography (CR) radiography, especially in terms of increasing SNR and CNR values. This study uses an experimental approach with CR radiographic image data obtained from dr. Gunawan Mangunkusumo Ambarawa Hospital. The image was processed using the Histogram Equalization and Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) algorithms in the Python platform. The results of the analysis showed that both methods were able to increase the SNR and CNR values, with the Equalization Histogram resulting in the highest CNR of 24.09, while the CLAHE achieved a maximum value of 16.34. Although Histogram Equalization improves global contrast, this method tends to reduce local details. In contrast, CLAHE shows excellence in maintaining anatomical structure and providing a more even contrast increase. Thus, Python-based digital image processing has proven to be effective in improving the quality of abdominal radiographic images and has the potential to be a reliable diagnostic tool in modern radiology practice.
Faktor- Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Dismenore pada Siswi di SMA Negeri I Lalan Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin Tahun 2025
Adolescence is a transitional period from childhood to adulthood characterized by physical, psychological, and social changes. One significant phenomenon in female adolescents is menstruation, which is often accompanied by dysmenorrhea or menstrual pain. Dysmenorrhea is a common reproductive health problem, with a prevalence of more than 60% in Indonesia. This condition not only causes discomfort but may also affect daily activities, reduce concentration, and hinder academic performance. Several factors are assumed to be associated with dysmenorrhea, including menstrual duration, nutritional status, and exercise habits. This study aimed to determine the relationship between menstrual duration, nutritional status, and exercise habits with the incidence of dysmenorrhea among female students at SMA Negeri 1 Lalan, Musi Banyuasin Regency, in 2025. The research employed a quantitative method with an analytical survey and a cross-sectional design. The population consisted of 157 students, with a sample of 113 respondents selected using the Slovin formula. Data were collected using questionnaires and Body Mass Index (BMI) measurements, and analyzed with the chi-square test at a 0.05 significance level. The results showed that menstrual duration (p = 0.181) and nutritional status (p= 0.095) had no significant association with dysmenorrhea, while exercise habits were significantly associated (p = 0.030). These findings highlight the importance of physical activity in preventing dysmenorrhea and are expected to provide valuable input for schools and health workers in reproductive health promotion programs.”
Hubungan Penerimaan Seksual terhadap Kepuasan Penggunaan Kontrasepsi di wilayah Kabupaten Paser Provinsi Kalimantan Timur
Sexual aspects play a crucial role in the long-term success of family planning programs, necessitating their inclusion in all related interventions and policies. Health service providers must be equipped with sufficient knowledge and skills to openly and sensitively discuss the sexual effects of various contraceptive methods. Furthermore, gender biases that hinder communication regarding women’s sexual rights should be addressed to ensure family planning programs provide more optimal and inclusive benefits. This study aims to examine the correlation between contraceptive use among mothers and the intensity of sexual relations among couples in the working area of Community Health Centers across Paser Regency. The study employed an observational design with a survey technique conducted among 320 family planning acceptor couples. Data were collected through questionnaires and observation, and analyzed using Chi-square tests. The findings reveal a fairly even distribution of sexual intensity across age groups, with no significant negative correlation between the use of oral contraceptive pills and sexual activity intensity (p=0.18). The study concludes that the use of contraceptive pills does not significantly affect the decrease in sexual frequency or intensity, suggesting that other factors such as individual characteristics and social context should be considered in evaluating sexual satisfaction among family planning acceptors.
Hubungan Konsumsi Fast Food dan Minuman Manis dengan Risiko Obesitas pada Remaja Putri
The prevalence of obesity among adolescent girls is increasingly becoming a global health concern that demands serious attention. Modern lifestyle changes and the frequent consumption of high-calorie foods—particularly fast food and sugary beverages—are major contributors to the rising risk of obesity in this age group. This study aims to identify the relationship between the level of fast food and sugary drink consumption with the likelihood of obesity among adolescent girls. A quantitative research approach with a survey design was employed, involving 73 respondents aged 17–22 years who were selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through a questionnaire on consumption frequency and Body Mass Index (BMI) measurements to determine nutritional status. Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-Square test to examine correlations between variables. The results revealed a significant association between fast food consumption (p = 0.001) and sugary drink intake (p = 0.002) with obesity risk. These findings indicate that an unbalanced diet and excessive intake of high-sugar and high-fat foods contribute to weight gain. Therefore, nutritional education and the promotion of healthy eating habits among adolescents are essential to prevent obesity in the future.
Dampak Perubahan Iklim terhadap Kesehatan Masyarakat : Systematic Literature Review
Climate change has become one of the greatest challenges facing the world today. The impacts of climate change on human health can be felt through increasing extreme temperatures, the spread of infectious diseases, and increased air pollution. The aim of this research is to determine the impact of climate change on public health. A literature search was conducted through several electronic databases, including Google Scholar and PubMed, to capture articles published from 2020 to June 2025. The article selection process involved several stages of identification and screening based on title and abstract, followed by an assessment of the eligibility of full-text articles based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. All selection stages were documented using a PRISMA flowchart.The results of this study revealed direct and indirect health impacts. It can be concluded that climate change on public health can be influenced by disruptions to physical, biological, and ecological systems, including disruptions originating domestically and internationally. The health impacts of these disruptions include increased respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, injuries and premature deaths related to extreme weather events, changes in the prevalence and geographic distribution of food- and waterborne diseases and other infectious diseases, and threats to mental health.
Pathophysiologic Mechanisms and Serological Resolution Strategies for Cold Agglutinin-Mediated ABO Grouping Discrepancies in Transfusion Medicine
Cold agglutinin-mediated ABO grouping discrepancies pose persistent diagnostic and operational challenges in transfusion medicine. Cold-reactive autoantibodies, predominantly IgM with complement-binding capacity, cause false agglutination during forward and reverse grouping, potentially delaying crossmatching and jeopardizing transfusion safety. These issues are particularly relevant in laboratories with variable automation, such as in Indonesia, where manual methods remain common. This narrative review synthesized literature retrieved from electronic databases (Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and PubMed) on the pathophysiology, serological identification, and laboratory resolution strategies of cold agglutinin-mediated ABO grouping discrepancies, with emphasis on diagnostic, clinical, and operational implications across laboratory settings. Cold agglutinins cause spurious ABO grouping results through temperature-dependent erythrocyte agglutination and complement activation. Identification involves direct antiglobulin testing, saline replacement, and prewarming. Resolution requires warm-phase techniques, monospecific antisera, and adsorption/elution studies. Operationally, prolonged turnaround time, increased reagent use, and workflow strain have been reported, especially in resource-limited laboratories. Timely recognition and structured management of cold agglutinin-mediated discrepancies are essential to maintain transfusion accuracy. Implementation of standardized protocols, competency-based training, and evidence-based national guidelines can optimize patient safety and operational efficiency across varying healthcare infrastructures.”
Deteksi Dini Tumbuh Kembang Anak Usia Dini untuk Mencegah Stunting di Masa Keemasan Perkembangan Anak
Stunting is a chronic nutritional problem that remains a major challenge in improving the quality of human resources in Indonesia. This condition not only impacts children's physical growth but also their cognitive, social, and emotional development. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of early detection of childhood growth and development in stunting prevention efforts. The study used a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design in children aged 24–59 months in the working area of Community Health Center X. Data were collected through questionnaires, anthropometric measurements, and observations of early detection implementation in the field. The results indicate that early detection of growth and development plays a crucial role in identifying stunting risks early through height and weight measurements and regular child development checks. Factors such as maternal nutrition during pregnancy, immunization history, environmental sanitation, and family roles significantly contribute to child growth and development outcomes. Stunting prevention efforts must be carried out comprehensively through a multi-sectoral approach involving families, communities, health workers, and the government, particularly in the implementation of the SDIDTK program and the 1000 HPK monitoring. The results of this study are expected to serve as a basis for strengthening early detection programs and increasing public awareness of the importance of stunting prevention from pregnancy.