Analyzing the Effectiveness of Electric Vehicles in Indonesia
A Malthusian Approach to Resource and Emission Management
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55606/jempper.v5i1.6017Keywords:
Charging Infrastructure, EVs, Global Warming, Malthus, Public PerceptionAbstract
This research will explore some of the best solutions to global warming through the perspective of electric vehicles. The methodology will be a mix of survey methods, case studies comparing Indonesia and Singapore, and interviews with experts to understand public perception, analyze real examples, and garner expert views. The findings indicate significant barriers towards the adoption of EVs in Indonesia due to inadequate charging infrastructure, high costs, and range anxiety; Singapore, through urban challenges coupled with government policies, has a high rate of adoption. It is clear that technological advancements in EVs themselves, charging infrastructure, and policy frameworks will have to be in place for greater adoptions to be encouraged. Key recommendations include cultivating natural demand through consumer awareness campaigns, government incentives, and integration of renewable energy sources into charging infrastructure. Though there are limitations to this study, the findings provide valuable additions to the ongoing discourse on sustainable transportation and climate change mitigation in developing countries.
References
Ahlburg, D. A. (1998). Julian Simon and the population growth debate. Population and Development Review, 24(2), 317. https://doi.org/10.2307/2807977
Bengtsson, M. (2016). How to plan and perform a qualitative study using content analysis. NursingPlus Open, 2(2), 8–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.npls.2016.01.001
Carter, N., Bryant-Lukosius, D., DiCenso, A., Blythe, J., & Neville, A. J. (2014). The use of triangulation in qualitative research. Journal of Advanced Nursing. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25158659/
Chelvan, V. P. (2024, September 8). Singapore will have largest share of passenger EVs in Southeast Asia by 2040: Report. The Straits Times. https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/transport/singapore-will-have-largest-share-of-passenger-evs-in-s-e-asia-by-2040-report
Corporate Finance Institute. (n.d.). Neoclassical economics. https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/economics/neoclassical-economics
Craighill, A., & Powell, J. (1996). Lifecycle assessment and economic evaluation of recycling: A case study. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 7, 75–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/0921-3449(96)01105-6
Cuenca, R., Gaines, L., & Vyas, A. (1999). Evaluation of electric vehicle production and operating costs. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc718936/m2/1/high_res_d/764206.pdf
EIA. (2022, February 25). Solar energy and the environment. U.S. Energy Information Administration. https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/solar/solar-energy-and-the-environment.php
EPA. (2021, August 27). Fast facts on transportation greenhouse gas emissions. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. https://www.epa.gov/greenvehicles/fast-facts-transportation-greenhouse-gas-emissions
EVBox. (2023, May 4). Electric car battery weight explained. https://blog.evbox.com/ev-battery-weight
FAO. (2000). FAOSTAT analytical brief 18: Emissions due to agriculture – Global, regional, and country trends. https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/cc09fbbc-eb1d-436b-a88a-bed42a1f12f3/content
Jiang, S. (2016). Purchase intention for electric vehicles in China from a customer-value perspective. Social Behavior and Personality, 44(4), 641–657. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2016.44.4.641
Kasunic, M. (2014). Designing an effective survey. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Designing-an-Effective-Survey-Kasunic/18b384d378033ba9817f243bbc6004601c5c515c
Lander, L., Cleaver, T., Rajaeifar, M. A., Nguyen-Tien, V., Elliott, R. J. R., Heidrich, O., Kendrick, E., Edge, J. S., & Offer, G. (2021). Financial viability of electric vehicle lithium-ion battery recycling. iScience, 24(7), 102787. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2021.102787
MacRae, D. (2024, March 24). Thomas Malthus. Britannica Money. https://www.britannica.com/money/Thomas-Malthus
Manufacturer. (2023, November 20). Who makes EVs? Breaking down which companies sell electric cars. MotorTrend. https://www.motortrend.com/features/electric-car-companies-make-electric-cars/
Massier, T., Recalde, D., Sellmair, R., Gallet, M., & Hamacher, T. (2017). Electrification of road transport in Singapore and its integration into the power system. Energy Technology, 6(1), 21–32. https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.201700652
Mei Lin, M., & Hidayat, R. (2018, August 12). Jakarta is the fastest-sinking city in the world. BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-44636934
NRDC. (2024, March 26). What are the causes of climate change? https://www.nrdc.org/stories/what-are-causes-climate-change#natural
Rosenbaum, E. (2021, June 16). Is recycling a waste? Here’s the answer from a plastics expert before you ditch the effort. CNBC. https://www.cnbc.com/2021/05/22/is-recycling-a-waste-heres-the-answer-from-a-plastics-expert.html
Sweda, T. M., & Klabjan, D. (2015). Agent-based information system for electric vehicle charging infrastructure deployment. Journal of Infrastructure Systems, 21(2), 04014043. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)IS.1943-555X.0000231
Tenny, S., Brannan, G. D., Brannan, J. M., & Sharts-Hopko, N. C. (2021). Qualitative study. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470395
United Nations. (2020). Actions for a healthy planet. https://www.un.org/en/actnow/ten-actions
United Nations. (n.d.). Causes and effects of climate change. https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/causes-effects-climate-change
US EPA. (2024, July 8). Sources of greenhouse gas emissions. https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/sources-greenhouse-gas-emissions
WWF Arctic. (n.d.). Polar bear threats. https://www.arcticwwf.org/wildlife/polar-bear/polar-bear-threats
Xará, S., Almeida, M. F., & Costa, C. (2015). Life cycle assessment of three different management options for spent alkaline batteries. Waste Management, 43, 460–484. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2015.06.006
Yousefi, M., Khosravani, F., Farzadkia, M., Mahvi, A. H., Kermani, M., Esrafili, A., & Gholami, M. (2023). Sustainable management of alkaline battery waste in developing countries. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 16(10), 105140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.105140
