The Pengaruh Persepsi Kegunaan dan Dipersonalisasi Pengalaman tentang Loyalitas Merek: Peran Mediasi Merek Keterlibatan di antara Pengguna Duolingo Premium di Indonesia

Authors

  • Lela Lela Universitas Tanjungpura
  • Wenny Pebrianti Universitas Tanjungpura
  • Ilzar Daud Universitas Tanjungpura
  • Bintoro Bagus Purmono Universitas Tanjungpura
  • Ahmadi Ahmadi Universitas Tanjungpura

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55606/jimak.v5i2.6797

Keywords:

Brand Engagement, Brand Loyalty, EdTech, Perceived Usefulness, Personalized Experience

Abstract

The rapid development of educational technology-based language learning platforms (EdTech) has transformed digital learning patterns in Indonesia, especially through premium subscription models. This study aims to analyze the influence of Perceived Usefulness and Personalized Experience on Brand Loyalty with Brand Engagement as a mediating variable in Duolingo Premium users in Indonesia. A quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design was used through an online survey of 250 active users who had maintained a minimum of one year subscription. Data analysis was carried out using the Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method. The results show that the perception of usability and personalized experience has a positive and significant effect on brand engagement, which in turn has an impact on user loyalty on an ongoing basis. Additionally, Brand Engagement has been shown to significantly mediate the relationship between perceived benefits and personalization on long-term loyalty. These findings indicate that the consistency of functional benefits as well as the quality of personalization of learning are able to drive users' emotional and cognitive engagement. Managerially, the results of the study confirm that the success of a premium platform does not only depend on the completeness of the features, but also on its ability to support the achievement of learning objectives, thereby increasing positive user retention and advocacy.

References

Ahmed, S. M. M., Owais, M., Raza, M., Nadeem, Q., & Ahmed, B. (2025a). The Impact of AI-Driven Personalization on Consumer Engagement and Brand Loyalty. https://doi.org/10.55737/QJSS.V-IV.24313

Alamri, H., Lowell, V., Watson, W., & Watson, S. L. (2020). Using personalized learning as an instructional approach to motivate learners in online higher education: https://doi.org/10.1080/15391523.2020.1728449

Anne Ester Penampe, M., Fitriana, A., Bagus Purmono, B., & Afifah, N. (2024). Journal of Applied Management Research Gameful Experience and Brand Loyalty: Exploring Customer Brand Engagement in Language Learning Apps. Journal of Applied Management Research, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.36441/jamr

Ardiel, V., & Tyas, D. A. (2023). Pelatihan Bahasa Inggris Kreatif dan Inovatif Menggunakan Aplikasi Duolingo pada Siswa SD IT Maarif Padang Panjang. Literasi: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Dan Inovasi, 3(1), 318–327. https://doi.org/10.58466/LITERASI.V3I1.946

Atmaja, D. R., & Sari, R. W. A. (2023). The Effect of Social Media Brand Engagement on Customer Brand Loyalty: A Study on Skincare Brands Customers in Indonesia. ASEAN Marketing Journal, 15. https://doi.org/10.7454/amj.v15i2.1234

Azzahra, T. R., & Kusumawati, N. (2023). Impact of Mobile Service Quality, Perceived Value, Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, Customer Satisfaction Towards Continuance Intention to Use MyTelkomsel App. Journal of Consumer Studies and Applied Marketing, 1(1), 46–60. https://doi.org/10.58229/JCSAM.V1I1.74

Banik, S. (2021). Exploring the involvement-patronage link in the phygital retail experiences. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 63, 102739. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JRETCONSER.2021.102739

Banik, S., & Gao, Y. (2023). Exploring the hedonic factors affecting customer experiences in phygital retailing. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 70. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JRETCONSER.2022.103147

Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173–1182. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.51.6.1173

Bastiaan, R., Rumokoy, L., Tielung, M., Getroida Bastiaan, R., Julio Rumokoy, L., & J Tielung, M. V. (2024). what lies beyond streaks and badges? duolingo’s gamification strategy and its limitations. jurnal emba : Jurnal Riset Ekonomi, Manajemen, Bisnis Dan Akuntansi, 12(03), 1275–1284. https://doi.org/10.35794/EMBA.V12I03.58183

Brodie, R. J., Hollebeek, L. D., Jurić, B., & Ilić, A. (2011a). Customer engagement: Conceptual domain, fundamental propositions, and implications for research. Journal of Service Research, 14(3), 252–271. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094670511411703

Brodie, R. J., Hollebeek, L. D., Jurić, B., & Ilić, A. (2011b). Customer engagement: Conceptual domain, fundamental propositions, and implications for research. Journal of Service Research, 14(3), 252–271. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094670511411703

Camilleri, M. A., & Camilleri, A. C. (2022). Utilitarian and intrinsic motivations to use mobile learning technologies: An extended technology acceptance model. 2022 8th International Conference on E-Society, E-Learning and E-Technologies (ICSLT), 76–81. https://doi.org/10.1145/3545922.3545935

Churiyah, M., Sholikhan, S., Filianti, F., & Sakdiyyah, D. A. (2020). Indonesia Education Readiness Conducting Distance Learning in Covid-19 Pandemic Situation. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 7(6), 491. https://doi.org/10.18415/IJMMU.V7I6.1833

Creswell, J. W. ., & Creswell, J. David. (2023). Research design : qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. 291. https://books.google.com/books/about/Research_Design.html?hl=id&id=Rkh4EAAAQBAJ

Davenport, T., Guha, A., Grewal, D., & Bressgott, T. (2020). How artificial intelligence will change the future of marketing. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 48(1), 24–42. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11747-019-00696-0

Davis, F. D. (1989a). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems, 13(3), 319–339. https://doi.org/10.2307/249008

DeLone, W. H., & McLean, E. R. (2003). The DeLone and McLean model of information systems success: A ten-year update. Journal of Management Information Systems, 19(4), 9–30. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.2003.11045748

Dessart, L., Veloutsou, C., & Morgan-Thomas, A. (2016). Capturing consumer engagement: duality, dimensionality and measurement. Journal of Marketing Management, 32(5–6), 399–426. https://doi.org/10.1080/0267257X.2015.1130738

Dilan Raihan, & Soepatini. (2023). The effect of Ease of Use, Seller Reputation, and Perceived Usefulness On Brand Loyalty with Satisfaction as a Mediating Variablehttps://doi.org/10.37034/infeb.v5i2.282

du Plooy, E., Casteleijn, D., & Franzsen, D. (2024). Personalized adaptive learning in higher education: A scoping review of key characteristics and impact on academic performance and engagement. In Heliyon (Vol. 10, Number 21). Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39630

Duolingo Statistics By Revenue, Users And Facts (2025). (n.d.). Retrieved October 8, 2025, from https://electroiq.com/stats/duolingo-statistics/

Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error: Algebra and Statistics. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(3), 382. https://doi.org/10.2307/3150980

Gao, Y., Wong, S. L., Khambari, M. N. M., Noordin, N. bt, Geng, J., & Bai, Y. (2023). Factors Affecting English Language Teachers’ Behavioral Intentions to Teach Online under the Pandemic Normalization of COVID-19 in China. Behavioral Sciences, 13(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/BS13080624

Graf. (2023). IJSECS. International Journal Software Engineering and Computer Science (IJSECS), 3(2), 50–56. https://doi.org/10.35870/IJSECS.V3I2.1200

Gu, Q. (2025). From Symbolic Oppression to Behavioral Domestication: User Stickiness Generation Path of Personalized Feedback Mechanism for IP Image of Duolingo (pp. 1082–1090). https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-874-5_124

Hagen, D., Spierings, B., Weltevreden, J., Risselada, A., & Atzema, O. (2024a). What drives consumers to use local online retail platforms? The influence of non-place-specific and place-specific motives. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 77. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JRETCONSER.2023.103649

Hair, J.F., Hult, G.T.M., Ringle, C.M. and Sarstedt, M. (2017) A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). 2nd Edition, Sage Publications Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA. - References - Scientific Research Publishing. (n.d.). Retrieved September 27, 2025, from https://www.scirp.org/reference/ReferencesPapers?ReferenceID=2297757

Herlin, I., & Widoatmodjo, S. (2024). Pengaruh perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, perceived risk, dan price discount terhadap keputusan pembelian menggunakan Shopee Paylater dengan brand image sebagai variabel moderasi pada Generasi Z. Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis Dan Kewirausahaan, 8, 1303–1316. https://doi.org/10.24912/jmbk.v8i6.33625

Hollebeek, L. (2011). Exploring customer Brand Engagement: Definition and themes. In Journal of Strategic Marketing (Vol. 19, Number 7). https://doi.org/10.1080/0965254X.2011.599493

Hollebeek, L. D., Glynn, M. S., & Brodie, R. J. (2014a). Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development and Validation. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 28(2), 149–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.INTMAR.2013.12.002

Hollebeek, L. D., Glynn, M. S., & Brodie, R. J. (2014b). Consumer Brand Engagement in social media: Conceptualization, scale development and validation. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 28(2), 149–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.INTMAR.2013.12.002

Holloway, S. (2024). How Supply Chain Disruptions Affect Brand Loyalty: A Qualitative Analysis of Consumer Experiences During Crises. https://doi.org/10.20944/PREPRINTS202406.1515.V1

Huang, M. H., & Rust, R. T. (2021). A strategic framework for artificial intelligence in marketing. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 49(1), 30–50. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11747-020-00749-9

Hyun, H., Park, J., Hawkins, M. A., & Kim, D. (2024). How luxury brands build customer-based brand equity through phygital experience. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 32(8), 1195–1219. https://doi.org/10.1080/0965254X.2022.2052937

Isaacs, A., Lwendo, S. B., & Kazembe, L. (2022). Customer relationship management (CRM) and passenger loyalty in delivering high quality service at Air Namibia: A structural equations approach. Namibian Journal for Research, Science and Technology, 49–58. https://doi.org/10.54421/NJRST.V4I1.86

Kahfi, M., Acantha, E., & Sampetoding, M. (2025). Evaluasi Kualitas Pengalaman Pengguna Aplikasi Duolingo Menggunakan Metode System Usability Scale (SUS) dan End User Computing Satisfaction (EUCS). JURNAL MEDIA INFOTAMA, 21(1), 194–201. https://doi.org/10.37676/JMI.V21I1.7812

Kaur Riyat, M., & Kakkar, A. (2025). An Analysis of EdTech Learners: The Influence of Brand Experiences on Word-of-Mouth and Brand Loyalty. Prabandhan: Indian Journal of Management, 18, 31–51. https://doi.org/10.17010/pijom/2025/v18i4/174315

Kemp, A., Palmer, E., Strelan, P., & Thompson, H. (2024). Testing a novel extended educational technology acceptance model using student attitudes towards virtual classrooms. British Journal of Educational Technology, 55(5), 2110–2131. https://doi.org/10.1111/BJET.13440

Kini, A. N., Savitha, B., & Hawaldar, I. T. (2024). Brand Loyalty in FinTech services: The role of self-concept, customer engagement behavior and self-brand connection. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joitmc.2024.100240

Kiran, B. (n.d.). Boosting User Retention: Data-Driven Insights for Duolingo.

Lai, L., She, L., & Li, C. (2024). Online teaching model in the context of blended learning environment: Experiential learning and TAM. Education and Information Technologies, 29(13), 17235–17259. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10639-024-12465-W

Maduwinarti, A., Kusbianto, N., & Mahendra, I. G. N. A. (2025). The influence of customer personalization on customer satisfaction, engagement, and loyalty Indonesian E-commerce in the digital age. International Journal of Innovative Research and Scientific Studies, 8(3), 1904–1914. https://doi.org/10.53894/IJIRSS.V8I3.6900

Mailizar, M., Burg, D., & Maulina, S. (2021). Examining university students’ behavioural intention to use e-learning during the COVID-19 pandemic: An extended TAM model. Education and Information Technologies, 26(6), 7057–7077. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10639-021-10557-5

Maryanto, R. H., & Kaihatu, T. S. (2021). Customer Loyalty as an Impact of Perceived Usefulness to Grab Users, Mediated by Customer Satisfaction and Moderated by Perceived Ease of Use. Binus Business Review, 12(1), 31–39. https://doi.org/10.21512/BBR.V12I1.6293

Mattke, J., & Maier, C. (2021). Gamification: Explaining Brand Loyalty in Mobile Applications. AIS Transactions on Human-Computer Interaction, 13, 62–81. https://doi.org/10.17705/1thci.00142

Morgan, R. M., & Hunt, S. D. (1994). The Commitment-Trust Theory of Relationship Marketing. Journal of Marketing, 58(3), 20. https://doi.org/10.2307/1252308

Nasution, P., Lumbangaol, R. R., Saragih, M., Aritonang, L., & Silaen, N. G. (2020). Pelatihan Penggunaan Aplikasi Duo Lingo Dalam Peningkatan Kemampuan Berbahasa Inggris Pada Kelompok Anak Usia 12-15 Tahun Di Daerah Wisata Bukit Lawang. JURNAL WIDYA, 1(2), 22–28. https://doi.org/10.54593/AWL.V1I2.37

Nurfahani, W., Sapuan, M., Hassan, H., Liya, N., Rostam, S., & Azmimurad, A. M. (2024). The Impacts of Language Learning Apps on Students’ Perceptions of Language Proficiency. https://doi.org/10.47772/IJRISS

Obiegbu, C. J., & Larsen, G. (2025a). Algorithmic personalization and Brand Loyalty: An experiential perspective. Marketing Theory, 25(2), 199–219. https://doi.org/10.1177/14705931241230041

Obiegbu, C. J., & Larsen, G. (2025b). Algorithmic personalization and Brand Loyalty: An experiential perspective. Marketing Theory, 25(2), 199–219. https://doi.org/10.1177/14705931241230041

Oliver, R. L. (1999). Whence Consumer Loyalty? Journal of Marketing, 63(4_suppl1), 33–44. https://doi.org/10.1177/00222429990634S105

Pangarkar, A., & Shukla, P. (2023a). Conspicuous and inconspicuous consumption of luxury goods in a digital world: insights, implications, and future research directions. International Journal of Advertising, 42(7), 1226–1238. https://doi.org/10.1080/02650487.2023.2246260

Pangarkar, A., & Shukla, P. (2023b). Conspicuous and inconspicuous consumption of luxury goods in a digital world: insights, implications, and future research directions. International Journal of Advertising, 42(7), 1226–1238. https://doi.org/10.1080/02650487.2023.2246260

Patil, D. (2025). Artificial Intelligence For Personalized Marketing And Consumer Behaviour Analysis: Enhancing Engagement And Conversion Rates. https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.5057436

Penampe, M. A. E., Fitriana, A., Purnomo, B. B., Afiah, N., & Juniwati, J. (2024). Gameful Experience and Brand Loyalty: Exploring Customer Brand Engagement in Language Learning Apps. Journal of Applied Management Research, 4(2), 94–104. https://doi.org/10.36441/JAMR.V4I2.2576

Pires, P. B., Prisco, M., Delgado, C., & Santos, J. D. (2024). A Conceptual Approach to Understanding the Customer Experience in E-Commerce: An Empirical Study. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research , 19(3), 1943–1983. https://doi.org/10.3390/JTAER19030096

Plotkina, D., & Rabeson, L. (2022). The role of transactionality of mobile branded apps in brand experience and its impact on loyalty. Journal of Brand Management, 29, 470–483. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41262-022-00288-4

Prayogo, W., & Sugianto, J. (2021). The Influence of Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, Perceived Social Influence, and Perceived Enjoyment Toward Brand Attitude with The Mediation of Intention of Engagement: The Case of Shopee. IBuss Management, 9(1). https://publication.petra.ac.id/index.php/ibm/article/view/10960

Putri, M. R., & Aprianingsih, A. (2024). The Impact of Customer Satisfaction on Loyalty of GoTo: The Application of Technology Adoption Model (TAM). Indonesian Journal of Business and Entrepreneurship, 10(1), 214–214. https://doi.org/10.17358/IJBE.10.1.214

Razmus, W. (2021a). Consumer Brand Engagement Beyond the “Likes.” Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/FPSYG.2021.692000

Razmus, W. (2021b). Consumer Brand Engagement Beyond the “Likes.” Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/FPSYG.2021.692000

Sakas, D. P., Giannakopoulos, N. T., Terzi, M. C., Kamperos, I. D. G., & Kanellos, N. (2024). What is the connection between Fintechs’ video marketing and their vulnerable customers’ Brand Engagement during crises? International Journal of Bank Marketing, 42(6), 1313–1347. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-03-2023-0142

Sari, N. N. (2022a). The Use of Technology Acceptance Model to Explain Brand Attitude and Loyalty Intention in E-Commerce: The Gamification Case. ASEAN Marketing Journal, 14(1), 5. https://doi.org/10.21002/amj.v14i1.1151

Sari, N. N. (2022b). The Use of Technology Acceptance Model to Explain Brand Attitude and Loyalty Intention in E-Commerce: The Gamification Case. Asean Marketing Journal, 14. https://doi.org/10.21002/amj.v14i1.1151

Saunders Mark, Lewis Philip, & Thornhill Adrian. (2019). CHAPTER 1-7

Shadi, A. (n.d.). International Journal of Business & Management Studies Examining the Mediating Effect of Customer- www.ijbms.net

Sharma, N., Fatima, J. K., Sharma, S., & Amin, S. Z. (2024). Omnichannel shopping habit development. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 48(4). https://doi.org/10.1111/IJCS.13072

Shukla, A., & Kaur, J. (1 C.E.). Impact of Brand Perception, Brand Credibility, and Product Knowledge on Consumer Loyalty. . https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-0948-4.CH013

Statista 2025. (n.d.). Duolingo quarterly paid subscribers 2025| Statista. Retrieved September 23, 2025, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/1248132/duolingo-quarterly-paid-subscribers/

Sun, B., Li, S., & Zhou, C. (2006). “Adaptive” learning and “proactive” customer relationship management. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 20(3–4), 82–96. https://doi.org/10.1002/DIR.20069

Survei Internet APJII 2025. (n.d.). Https://Survei.Apjii.or.Id/.

Syarifah, E. F., Nurhidayat, E., & Fakhruddin, A. (2023). Sosialisasi Penggunaan Aplikasi DUOLINGO untuk Pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris Mandiri. https://doi.org/10.31949/JB.V4I3.5551

Tyrväinen, O., Karjaluoto, H., & Saarijärvi, H. (2020). Personalization and hedonic motivation in creating customer experiences and loyalty in omnichannel retail. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 57, 102233. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JRETCONSER.2020.102233

Venkatesh, V., Morris, M.G., Davis, G.B., et al. (2003) User Acceptance of Information Technology Toward a Unified View. MIS Quarterly, 27, 425-478. - https://www.scirp.org/reference/referencespapers?referenceid=2119690

Villagra, N., Monfort, A., & Sánchez Herrera, J. (2021). The mediating role of brand trust in the relationship between brand personality and Brand Loyalty. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 20(5), 1153–1163. https://doi.org/10.1002/CB.1922

Wang, W., & Wu, S. (2024). Analyzing User Psychology and Behavior in Short-Form Video Shopping Platforms: An Integrated TAM and ISS Model Approach. Sage Open, 14(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440241287076

Wang, Y., Liu, C., & Tu, Y.-F. (2021). Factors Affecting the Adoption of AI-based Applications in Higher Education: An Analysis of Teachers’ Perspectives using Structural Equation Modeling. Educational Technology & Society, 24(3), 116–129. https://doaj.org/article/e2fe5622b1fa4f88a3f1f90285a4126a

Wang, Z., Chen, J., Chen, J., & Chen, H. (2024). Identifying interdisciplinary topics and their evolution based on BERTopic. Scientometrics, 129(11), 7359–7384. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11192-023-04776-5

Xu, F., Bai, Y., & Li, S. (2020). Examining the Antecedents of Brand Engagement of Tourists Based on the Theory of Value Co-Creation. Sustainability, 12(5), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU12051958

Yakın, V., Güven, H., David, S., Güven, E., Bărbuță-Mișu, N., Güven, E. T. A., & Virlanuta, F. O. (2023). The Effect of Cognitive Dissonance Theory and Brand Loyalty on Consumer Complaint Behaviors: A Cross-Cultural Study. Sustainability, 15(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/SU15064718

Yaseen, H., Mohammad, A. S., Ashal, N., Abusaimeh, H., Ali, A., & Sharabati, A. A. A. (2025). The Impact of Adaptive Learning Technologies, Personalized Feedback, and Interactive AI Tools on Student Engagement: The Moderating Role of Digital Literacy. Sustainability 2025, Vol. 17, Page 1133, 17(3), 1133. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU17031133

Zhang, L., Basham, J. D., & Yang, S. (2020). Understanding the implementation of personalized learning: A research synthesis. Educational Research Review, 31, 100339. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.EDUREV.2020.100339

Downloads

Published

2026-05-30

How to Cite

Lela, L., Wenny Pebrianti, Ilzar Daud, Bintoro Bagus Purmono, & Ahmadi Ahmadi. (2026). The Pengaruh Persepsi Kegunaan dan Dipersonalisasi Pengalaman tentang Loyalitas Merek: Peran Mediasi Merek Keterlibatan di antara Pengguna Duolingo Premium di Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Dan Kewirausahaan, 5(2), 705–724. https://doi.org/10.55606/jimak.v5i2.6797