The Effect of Working Hours on Employee Turnover Intention with Burnout as a Mediating Variable
A Study of the Hospitality Industry in Bandar Lampung
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55606/jimak.v4i2.4569Keywords:
Bandar Lampung, Burnout, Hotel Industry, Turnover Intention, Working HoursAbstract
This research examines how working hours affect turnover intention in Bandar Lampung's hotel business and how exhaustion mediates this connection. Hospitality companies have challenges from high turnover intention, which may lower productivity, training expenses, and service quality. The Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) and Conservation of Resources (COR) theories suggest that long hours might lead to burnout, which may make workers want to quit. A cross-sectional survey was used for quantitative research. This survey included 160 staff from three-, four-, and five-star hotels in Bandar Lampung. SEM was used with SmartPLS 4.0 to examine data. The results show that working hours significantly increase turnover intention. Working hours considerably and favorably affect burnout, which positively affects turnover intention. Burnout also strongly mediated the working hours-turnover intention link. Direct influence of working hours on turnover intention was greater than indirect effect via fatigue. Long work hours may lead to employee turnover even without burnout, according to these findings. To prevent employee turnover, hotel management should carefully regulate working hours.
References
Achievers Workforce Institute. (2023). 2023 engagement & retention report. Achievers. https://bit.ly/achievers2023
Anees, R. T., Heidler, P., Cavaliere, L. P. L., & Nordin, N. A. (2021). Brain drain in higher education: The impact of job stress and workload on turnover intention and the mediating role of job satisfaction at universities. European Journal of Business and Management Research, 6(3), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2021.6.3.849
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2022). Provinsi Lampung dalam angka 2022. BPS Provinsi Lampung. https://lampung.bps.go.id
Bae, S. H. (2024). Nurse staffing, work hours, mandatory overtime, and turnover in acute care hospitals affect nurse job satisfaction, intent to leave, and burnout: A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Public Health, 69. https://doi.org/10.3389/ijph.2024.1607068
Baquero, A. (2022). Job insecurity and intention to quit: The role of psychological distress and resistance to change in the UAE hotel industry. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(20). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013629
Baquero, A., et al. (2025). Workplace stressors and the intention to quit: The role of psychological distress and psychological flexibility among hospitality employees. [Nama jurnal tidak disebutkan].
Brine Harwood, A., Eadington Scott, W., & Sinclair Reisman, M. (2022). [Artikel]. African Journal of Emerging Issues, 4(4), 1–13.
Carbery, R., Garavan, T. N., O’Brien, F., & McDonnell, J. (2003). Predicting hotel managers’ turnover cognitions. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 18(7–8), 649–679. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940310502377
Carmeli, A., & Weisberg, J. (2006). Exploring turnover intentions among three professional groups of employees. Human Resource Development International, 9(2), 191–206. https://doi.org/10.1080/13678860600616305
Cavallari, J. M., et al. (2022). The development and initial validation of a new working time scale for full-time workers with non-standard schedules. BMC Public Health, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13963-7
Chen, C.-F., & Peng, N. (2021). The influence of hotel star rating on customer satisfaction and loyalty: Evidence from the hospitality industry. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 95, 102890.
Cimbaljević, M., et al. (2020). How do job-related constructs determine employee turnover? Serbian hotels example. Journal of the Geographical Institute Jovan Cvijic SASA, 70(2), 129–143. https://doi.org/10.2298/IJGI2002129C
Collewet, M., & Sauermann, J. (2017). Working hours and productivity. Labour Economics, 47, 96–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2017.03.006
Fairuz Md Salleh, M., et al. (2020). The influence of Japanese work cultures on Malaysian foodservice employees’ work stress and their turnover intention. The South East Asian Journal of Management. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/347400222
Freudenberger, H. J., & York, N. (1974). Staff burn-out. Journal of Social Issues, 90.
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate data analysis (7th ed.). Pearson Prentice Hall.
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., Danks, N. P., & Ray, S. (2021). Business partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) using R. Springer.
Härmä, M., et al. (2015). Developing register-based measures for assessment of working time patterns for epidemiologic studies. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, 41(3), 268–279. https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.3492
Hiller, J., & Barreda, A. (2024). Social intelligence and its impact on women hotel managers. International Journal of Gaming Hospitality and Tourism, 4(1). https://stockton.edu/light/documents/ijght_vol.4no.1/social_intelligence_and_its
Hong, Y., et al. (2022). The influence of long working hours, occupational stress, and well-being on depression among couriers in Zhejiang, China. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.928928
Ike, O. O., et al. (2023). Expanded-multidimensional turnover intentions: Scale development and validation. BMC Psychology, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-023-01303-2
Indonesia. (2020). Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 tentang Cipta Kerja. Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2020 Nomor 245.
Koo, B., et al. (2020). Relationships among emotional and material rewards, job satisfaction, burnout, affective commitment, job performance, and turnover intention in the hotel industry. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality and Tourism, 21(4), 371–401. https://doi.org/10.1080/1528008X.2019.1663572
Lin, R. T., et al. (2021). Long working hours and burnout in health care workers. Journal of Occupational Health, 63(1). https://doi.org/10.1002/1348-9585.12228
Lu, A. C. C., & Gursoy, D. (2016). Impact of job burnout on satisfaction and turnover intention: Do generational differences matter? Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research, 40(2), 210–235. https://doi.org/10.1177/1096348013495696
Mantik, J., et al. (2022). Employer brand and employee engagement as predictors of turnover intention in the hospitality industry. Jurnal Mantik, 6(3).
Maslach, C., & Jackson, S. E. (1981). The measurement of experienced burnout. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 2(2), 99–113. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030020205
Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B., & Leiter, M. P. (2001). Job burnout. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 397–422. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.397
Mbah, S. E., & Ikemefuna, C. O. (2012). Job satisfaction and employees’ turnover intentions in Total Nigeria Plc. in Lagos State. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2(14). www.ijhssnet.com
Michael Page International Indonesia. (2022). Talent trends 2022: The Great X. Michael Page. https://bit.ly/mp-talent2022
Modi, R. K. (2024). Economic contribution and employment opportunities of tourism and hospitality sectors. In The Emerald Handbook of Tourism Economics and Sustainable Development (pp. 293–306). Emerald Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83753-708-220241015
Nguyen, C. N., Hoang, G., & Luu, T. T. (2023). Frontline employees' turnover intentions in tourism and hospitality sectors. [Nama jurnal tidak disebutkan].
Park, J., & Min, H. (2020). Turnover intention in the hospitality industry: A meta-analysis. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102599
Piso, A. (2022). Controlling the clock: Working hours in the UK hotel sector. Research in Hospitality Management, 12(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/22243534.2021.2007589
Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2024). Struktur organisasi dan efektivitas operasional hotel berbintang 5: Hubungan, dampak, dan implikasinya terhadap kinerja hotel. Jurnal Manajemen Pariwisata dan Perhotelan, 3(1), 50–60.
Sager, J. K., Griffeth, R. W., Hom, P. W., & Beebe, W. T. (1998). A comparison of structural models representing turnover cognitions. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 53, [halaman tidak tersedia].
Salama, W., et al. (2022). Impact of work stress and job burnout on turnover intentions among hotel employees. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(15). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159724
Schiller, H., et al. (2017). The impact of reduced worktime on sleep and perceived stress – A group randomized intervention study using diary data. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, 43(2), 109–116. https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.3610
Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2016). Research methods for business. Wiley.
Tan, K. L., et al. (2020). Overwork and overtime on turnover intention in non-luxury hotels: Do incentives matter? Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights, 3(4), 397–414. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTI-09-2019-0104
Tri Adiyono, Y., Gunawan, A. W., & Tanuwijaya, J. (2024). Pengaruh satisfaction with intrinsic reward (SIR), work life balance, & satisfaction with extrinsic reward (SER) terhadap job satisfaction yang mempengaruhi turnover intention industri perhotelan Jakarta. Al-Kharaj: Jurnal Ekonomi, Keuangan & Bisnis Syariah, 6(4), 4561–4576. https://doi.org/10.47467/alkharaj.v6i4.994
Vallo, N. (2020). The impact of working hours on employee productivity: Case study of Sabertek Ltd, South Africa. Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal, 26(4).
Windon, S. R., et al. (2019). Factors affecting turnover intention of Ohio State University extension program assistants. Journal of Agricultural Education, 60(3), 109–127. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2019.03109
Wu, L., et al. (2021). The item network and domain network of burnout in Chinese nurses. BMC Nursing, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-021-00670-8
Yin, C., et al. (2023). Impact of long working hours on depressive symptoms among COVID-19 frontline medical staff: The mediation of job burnout and the moderation of family and organizational support. Frontiers in Psychology, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1084329
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen dan Kewirausahaan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
