Analisis Yuridis Penyelesaian Sengketa Sertifikat Ganda pada Bidang Tanah oleh Kantor Pertanahan Kota Administrasi Jakarta Barat

(Studi Kasus Putusan Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara Jakarta Nomor: 521/G/2023/PTUN.JKT)

Abstrak

Multiple land certificate disputes constitute one of the most complex land administration problems and directly affect legal certainty of land rights. The issuance of duplicate certificates by the West Jakarta Administrative City Land Office creates uncertainty regarding the lawful right holder and causes material and immaterial losses to injured parties. This study aims to analyze the settlement process of multiple certificate disputes under Indonesian law and to examine the level of legal certainty provided to parties harmed by such issuance. The research applies dispute resolution theory and legal certainty theory using a normative juridical method with statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. The findings indicate that dispute settlement may be conducted through administrative mechanisms, including document examination, verification of physical and juridical data, and certificate cancellation by the Land Office, as well as through judicial mechanisms by filing a lawsuit with the Administrative Court (PTUN). However, implementation remains ineffective due to incomplete documentation, weak verification procedures, and inconsistency in enforcing court decisions. The existence of multiple certificates reflects procedural failure that undermines normative legal certainty. Although Administrative Court decisions provide formal legal certainty, they do not fully guarantee substantive restoration of rights. Therefore, improvements in land governance, digitalization of land registration, and strengthened internal supervision are urgently required.