Hubungan Kejadian Dry Eye Syndorme pada Pasien Glaukoma terhadap Lama Penggunaan Obat Tetes Mata Topikal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55606/klinik.v5i3.7103Keywords:
Dry Eye Syndrome, Eye Drops, Glaucoma, OSDI, Topical TherapyAbstract
Introduction: Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness that requires long-term treatment using topical eye drops. Prolonged use, especially those containing preservatives, may cause ocular surface damage and lead to dry eye syndrome, affecting patients’ quality of life. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the relationship between long-term use of topical eye drops and the incidence of dry eye syndrome in glaucoma patients. Methods:This study used an observational analytic design with a cross-sectional approach involving 52 respondents. Data were collected using the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire to assess dry eye symptoms. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analysis with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: The majority of respondents were female (73.1%) and aged 50 –59 years (30.8%). Most respondents experienced severe dry eye syndrome (32.7%). The bivariate analysis showed a p-value of 0.001 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant relationship between long-term use of eye drops and dry eye syndrome. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between long-term use of topical eye drops and the incidence of dry eye syndrome in glaucoma patients.
References
Andy, M. (2022). Glaukoma: Klasifikasi, diagnosis dan tatalaksana. Jurnal Kedokteran Nanggroe Medika, 5(1), 9.
Aribaba, O., Adenekan, O., Alabi, A., Aina, M., Anunobi, C., & Onakoya, A. (2023). Clinico-cytological analysis of conjunctiva and ocular surface symptoms of patients on topical anti-glaucoma medications attending Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria: A case-control study. Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal, 30(3), 240–249. https://doi.org/10.4103/npmj.npmj_99_23
Astuti, M. B. (2022). Perbandingan validitas, reliabilitas, dan akurasi kuesioner Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) dengan Dry Eye Questionnaire-5 (DEQ-5) versi bahasa Indonesia dalam penegakan diagnosis dry eye disease.
Awe, O., Onakpoya, O., & Adeoye, A. (2020). Effect of long-term topical antiglaucoma medication use on the ocular surface. Nigerian Medical Journal, 61(4), 184–188. https://doi.org/10.4103/nmj.nmj_116_19
Balasopoulou, A., Kokkinos, P., Pagoulatos, D., Plotas, P., Makri, O. E., Georgakopoulos, C. D., Vantarakis, A., Li, Y., Liu, J. J., Qi, P., Rapoport, Y., Wayman, L. L., Chomsky, A. S., Joshi, R. S., Press, D., Rung, L., Ademola-Popoola, D., Africa, S., … Loukovaara, S. (2023). Evaporative dry eye disease due to meibomian gland dysfunction: Preferred practice pattern guidelines for diagnosis and treatment. BMC Ophthalmology, 17(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijo.IJO
Gan, E. H., Woo, W. W., Seng, K. F., Singh, P., Lee, M. Y., Kong, V. Y., Khoo, S. P., Lee, M. W., & Liang, L. K. (2024). Ocular surface disease and dry eye severity in glaucoma patients at urban private eye care centres in Malaysia. Clinical Ophthalmology, 18, 3249–3262. https://doi.org/10.2147/OPTH.S476779
Joshi, K., Poudel, M., & Shrestha, N. M. (2025). Dry eye in post-menopausal women visiting community eye centre: An observational study. Journal of the Nepal Medical Association, 63(289), 662–666. https://doi.org/10.31729/jnma.9202
Khasanah, U., Bellarinatasari, N., & Sampurna. (2025). Pengaruh penggunaan tetes mata timolol terhadap keluhan mata kering berdasarkan tes DEQ-5 studi observasional analitik pada penderita glaukoma di RSI Sultan Agung Semarang. Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan, 11(5), 25–31. https://doi.org/10.5455/mnj.v1i2.644
Knight, J., Weston, Z., & Sienza, M. A. (2022). The senses 2: Vision-eye anatomy and the visual sensory system. Nursing Times, 118(11), 1–5.
Luca, D., et al. (2022). Is it time for a moratorium on the use of benzalkonium chloride eyedrops? British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 3947–3949. https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.15359
Mohamed, H. B., Abd El-Hamid, B. N., Fathalla, D., & Fouad, E. A. (2022). Current trends in pharmaceutical treatment of dry eye disease: A review. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 175, 106206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106206
Nijm, L. M., De Benito-Llopis, L., Rossi, G. C., Vajaranant, T. S., & Coroneo, M. T. (2020). Understanding the dual dilemma of dry eye and glaucoma: An international review. Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology, 9(6), 481–490. https://doi.org/10.1097/APO.0000000000000327
Nijm, L. M., Schweitzer, J., & Blackmore, J. G. (2023). Glaucoma and dry eye disease: Opportunity to assess and treat. Clinical Ophthalmology, 17, 3063–3076. https://doi.org/10.2147/OPTH.S420932
Noor, N. A., Andalia, D., & Sri Ramandari, N. A. (2024). Transcultural validation of the five-item dry eye questionnaire for Indonesian populations. Cureus, 16(10), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.72288
Palikhey, A., Koiree, S., Mehta, R. K., & Shrivastava, A. K. (2022). Dry eye disease among patients with glaucoma under topical antiglaucoma agents in a tertiary care centre: A descriptive cross-sectional study. Journal of the Nepal Medical Association, 60(253), 800–804. https://doi.org/10.31729/jnma.7674
Phrueksaudomchai, P., Kongbundansuk, S., & Tattiyakul, W. (2023). Reliability and validity of the Thai version of the Ocular Surface Disease Index (T-OSDI). [Nama Jurnal Tidak Dicantumkan], 18(1), 20–26.
Qin, G., Moutari, S., Chen, J., Xu, L., He, W., He, X., Pazo, E. E., & Yu, S. (2024). Validity of OSDI-6 questionnaire in a Chinese adult population. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-64953-1
Ramakrishnan, R., Agrawal, M., Kalapad, S., Shrivastava, S., & Gandhi, P. (2021). A study to compare intraocular pressure using Perkins and Schiotz tonometer with respect to Goldmann applanation tonometer as a gold standard in a tertiary health care centre, Navi Mumbai. Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, 7(3), 541–547. https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2021.107
Schuster, A. K., Erb, C., Hoffmann, E. M., Dietlein, T., & Pfeiffer, N. (2020). The diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma. Deutsches Ärzteblatt International, 117(13), 225–234. https://doi.org/10.3238/arztebl.2020.0225
Su, C.-C., Lee, Y.-C., & Lee, P. R. C. (2021). Assessment of ocular surface disease in glaucoma patients with benzalkonium chloride-preserved latanoprost eye drops: A short-term longitudinal study. Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, 259(5), 1243–1251. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-020-05067-y
Tsubota, K., Pflugfelder, S. C., Liu, Z., Baudouin, C., Kim, H. M., Messmer, E. M., Kruse, F., Liang, L., Carreno-Galeano, J. T., Rolando, M., & Yokoi, N. (2020). Defining dry eye from a clinical perspective. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 1–24.
Vidal-Rohr, M., Craig, J. P., Davies, L. N., & Wolffsohn, J. S. (2024). Classification of dry eye disease subtypes. Contact Lens and Anterior Eye, 47(5), 102257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clae.2024.102257
Wagner, I. V., Stewart, M. W., & Dorairaj, S. K. (2022). Updates on the diagnosis and management of glaucoma. Mayo Clinic Proceedings: Innovations, Quality & Outcomes, 6(6), 618–635. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2022.09.007
Zemanová, M. (2021). Dry eye disease: A review. Česká a Slovenská Oftalmologie, 77(3), 107–119. https://doi.org/10.31348/2020/29
Zhao, M., et al. (2024). Sex-related differences and hormonal effects in the Dry Eye Assessment and Management (DREAM) study. British Journal of Ophthalmology, 108(1), 23–29. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo-2022-322238
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Yunani Setyandriana, Muhammad Baharuddin Yusuf
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
