Uji Efek Nefroprotektor Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Manggis (Garcinia Mangostana L.) terhadap Kerusakan Histologis Sel Ginjal Tikus Putih yang Diinduksi Gentamicin
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55606/klinik.v4i1.5209Keywords:
Aminoglycosides, Histology, Kidney Histology, White Rat, XanthoneAbstract
Gentamicin is an antibiotic widely used in medicine to treat serious bacterial infections, particularly urinary tract, respiratory tract, skin, and soft tissue infections. This drug belongs to the aminoglycoside class, which works by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis, preventing bacterial survival. Despite its high efficacy, gentamicin has significant side effects, particularly on the kidneys. Long-term or high-dose use of gentamicin can cause nephrotoxicity, which is damage to kidney tissue characterized by decreased filtration function, impaired glomerular and tubular structure, and increased blood creatinine and urea levels. This occurs because gentamicin tends to accumulate in the proximal tubules of the kidneys, triggering oxidative stress and inflammation. To reduce the toxic effects of gentamicin on the kidneys, nephroprotective agents are needed. One potential natural ingredient is mangosteen rind extract (Garcinia mangostana). Mangosteen rind is known to contain active compounds such as xanthones, which have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. This compound is capable of neutralizing free radicals and suppressing the inflammatory response, which is one of the causes of kidney tissue damage. This study aimed to determine the effect of mangosteen peel extract on the histological appearance of the kidneys of rats treated with gentamicin. Histological analysis was performed to observe changes in kidney structure, such as tubular cell degeneration, necrosis, or inflammatory cell infiltration. It is estimated that administering mangosteen peel extract can minimize or prevent kidney tissue damage, making it an alternative complementary therapy to gentamicin. This research also marks the first step in the development of safe and effective herbal-based phytopharmaceuticals to support kidney health.
References
Andriani, L. (2014). Efek nefrotoksik gentamisin dan pencegahannya. Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia, 8(2), 134–140.
Brunner, J. F., & Morales-Payan, J. P. (2010). Mangosteen production guide for the Caribbean. Florida: Caribbean Agro.
Chasani, N. (2008). Toksisitas gentamisin terhadap ginjal. Jurnal Kedokteran, 2(3), 87–91.
Dungir, A., et al. (2012). Uji fitokimia ekstrak kulit buah manggis. Jurnal Kimia, 6(1), 45–50.
Elim, M., & Mapanawang, L. (2018). Penggunaan herbal sebagai nefroprotektor. Jurnal Farmasi Galenika, 4(2), 88–96.
Failla, M. L., & Gutiérrez, A. (2017). Nutritional aspects of tropical fruits: Garcinia mangostana. Tropical Fruit Research, 12(1), 23–35.
Francescato, H. D., Costa, R. S., Scavone, C., & Coimbra, T. M. (2012). Paradoxical effect of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Life Sciences, 91(21–22), 827–837. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2012.08.006
Hardjosaputra, S. (2008). Farmakologi dan terapi. Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran UI.
Ikhsan, M., et al. (2020). Toksisitas gentamisin dan efek perlindungan tanaman obat tradisional. Jurnal Fitofarmaka Indonesia, 7(2), 56–62.
Jung, H. A., Su, B. N., Keller, W. J., Mehta, R. G., & Kinghorn, A. D. (2006). Antioxidant xanthones from the pericarp of Garcinia mangostana. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 54(6), 2077–2082.
Katzung, B. G. (2010). Basic and clinical pharmacology (11th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2017). Pedoman pencegahan penyakit ginjal kronik. Jakarta: Kemenkes RI.
Lintong, M. A., et al. (2012). Stres oksidatif dan kerusakan ginjal. Jurnal Biologi Kesehatan, 10(1), 34–42.
Matra, D. D., et al. (2016). Produksi dan budidaya manggis di Indonesia. Prosiding Hasil Penelitian Hortikultura, 12(1), 101–108.
Mauliyani, N., et al. (2018). Kerusakan ginjal oleh gentamisin: Kajian histopatologi. Jurnal Biomedik, 10(1), 55–61.
Nazir, M. (2004). Metode penelitian. Jakarta: Ghalia Indonesia.
Normasari, D., Dewi, R. M., & Rachmania, S. (2017). Gentamisin sebagai penyebab nefrotoksisitas. Jurnal Farmasi Klinik Indonesia, 6(2), 112–119.
Nugroho, A. (2009). Fitokimia dan farmakologi kulit manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.). Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia, 6(3), 45–53.
Oktaria, L. (2017). Histologi ginjal manusia dan tikus. Medan: Universitas Sumatera Utara.
Perez-Rojas, J. M., et al. (2009). Alpha-mangostin protective effect against renal damage induced by cisplatin. Toxicology, 256(3), 17–25.
Piarameti, R. (2020). Gangguan fungsi ginjal: Diagnosis dan pencegahan. Jurnal Kedokteran Klinis, 15(2), 78–85.
Price, S. A., & Wilson, L. M. (2006). Patofisiologi: Konsep klinis proses-proses penyakit (6th ed.). Jakarta: EGC.
Putra, S. R. (2011). Manfaat dan budidaya tanaman manggis. Jakarta: Agromedia Pustaka.
Rahmawati, D., & Budiono, A. (2013). Farmakologi aminoglikosida. Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian Indonesia, 11(1), 23–29.
Riwidikdo, A. (2007). Dasar-dasar statistik untuk penelitian kesehatan. Yogyakarta: UGM Press.
Shabella, R. (2011). Kulit manggis dan kandungan xantonnya. Jurnal Farmasi Tradisional, 3(1), 31–36.
Siahaan, S., et al. (2016). Nefrotoksisitas gentamisin dan pencegahannya. Jurnal Biologi Kesehatan, 8(2), 102–109.
Syaifuddin, A. (2011). Fisiologi ginjal dan homeostasis tubuh. Yogyakarta: MedPress.
Widyastuti, R. (2017). Fitokimia: Teori dan praktik. Yogyakarta: Deepublish.
Wu, D., & Cederbaum, A. I. (2004). Oxidative stress and antioxidant defenses in the liver. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology, 1(1), 20–30.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Jurnal Ilmiah Kedokteran dan Kesehatan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
